Bhogtoram Mawroh
Ha kine ki khyndïat taïew ka la mih ka jingïatai nïa kaba jur halor ka jingshim jait na ka kmie ba kam ïadei dur shuh bad ka juk ba ngi im, kumta la donkam ban pynkylla noh sha ka jingshim jait na u kpa. Ñiuma, jingïatai nïa halor kane ka phang kam dei kaba thymmai bad kane ka jingïatai kan bteng ha ki snem ki ban wan. Ym lah ban len ba ïa ka Jaidbynriew Hynñiewtrep la ker sawdong da kiwei pat ki jaidbynriew kiba ka tynrai kheiñ jait jong ki ka long na ka liang u kpa, kumta lehse ka lah ban don ka jingsngew ba ki Khasi ruh ki la dei ban pynkylla noh ïa ka dustur kheiñ jait kumba long lem kiwei. Ha kawei pat ka liang, ka Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council ka pyrshah jur ïa kane ka rukom pyrkhat bad ka la pynmih ruh ïa ka hukum ba ym bit ban ai syrnod Scheduled Tribe ïa ki Khasi kiba shim jait na u kpa namar ba ka long pyrshah ïa ki kyndon jong ka aiñ Khasi Customs Social Lineage Act 1997. Ka daw kaba kongsan ba ka KHADC ka ïeng ban pyrshah ïa ka jingdawa ban pynkylla ïa ka dustur shim jait ka long ba ka jingpynkylla kan ktah ïa ka tynrai kheiñ kur kheiñ kha. Ka hukum ka long kaba khor, hynrei nga kyrshan ïa ka jingpynneh ïa ka dustur shim jait na ka kmie halor ka nongrim ba ngi dei ka kynhun jaitbynriew kaba pher na kiwei bad lada pynkylla ïa ka jingkheiñ jait sha u kpa kan wanrah ka kynrum kynram ha ka kheiñ kur kheiñ kha.
Kumba long ïa kiwei ki Jaitbynriew kum ki Adivasi ne Janjati, ha Ri India la ithuh kyrpang da ka Riti Synshar (Constitution) ïa ka Jaitbynriew Khasi kum ki trai ri trai muluk bad ki nongshong shnong kiba nyngkong (indigenous people) ha kine ki Lum Khasi. Katkum ka Article 366 la pynkup bor ïa u President ka Ri India ban ñiew kyrpang ïa kino kino ki jaitbynriew kum ki Schedule Tribe ha kino kino ki Jylla ne Union Territory bad da ka hukum jong u President la ithuh ïa ki Khasi kum ki Schedule Tribe. Wat la kam shym la don ka jingbatai bniah ha ka Riti Synshar, pynban ki Schedule Tribe ki dei ban don ïa kine ki jinglong ba kyrpang (i) ki dak kiba pynpaw ba ki long ka jaitbynriew kaba la don ha snieh pyrthei naduh kulong kumah (ii) ka dei riti kaba kyrpang (iii) ka jaka shong jaka sah kaba pajih bad ka bym ïakhleh bad kiwei pat (iv) ka jingkiar na ka jingïadei bad kiwei pat ki jaitbynriew bad (v) ka jingsah dien. Kine ki dak ki ïasyriem bad ka rukom pyrkhat jong ki phareng kiba la hiar thma bad synshar ïa ki Ri bad ki dewbah jong ki trai muluk (indigenous people) kum ha America, Russia, Arctic bad kiwei de ki dewlynnong ha ka Duriaw Pacific. Ki trai ri trai muluk jong kine ki Ri/Dewbah ki shah ban beiñ bad don lei kiba la duh jait syndon. Kumta ka long kaba kongsan ban ïakren bad ïakhih na ka bynta ban pynneh pynsah ïa ki jaitbynriew trai ri (indigenous people).
Ka International Labour Organization ha ka jingïalang kaba 169 jong ka, ka la buh ïa kine ki kyndon jong ka jingithuh ïa kita ki trai ri trai muluk jong ki Ri ne Dewbah ne Dewlynnong bad kumta ter ter. Kino kino ki Jaitbynriew kiba la ñiew kum ki trai ri trai muluk (indigenous people) ki dei ban long kiba hiar pateng na ki kmie ki kpa tymmen jong ki kiba la buhai shnong ha kino kino ki jaka ha lane shuwa ka jingshah hiar thma bad shah synshar ha kiwei pat ki bor synshar lane ki la shong shnong ha kita ki Ri ne thaiñ ha shuwa ban thaw ïa ki pud ki sam jong ki Ri ne Jylla katkum ka juk mynta. Ki dei ruh kiba dang bat ïa ki dei riti kiba kongsan pateng la pateng la ka long ha ka khaïi-pateng, ka synshar khadar bad ka jingïadei ha ka imlang sahlang. Kawei pat ka kyndon ka long ba u ne ka dkhot jong kata ka jaitbynriew ki kam hi bad pynithuh ïalade bad kata ka Jaitbynriew. Kumta to ngin ïa bishar hangne ïa ka Jaidbynriew Hynñiewtrep katkum kine ki kyndon ba la buh.
Ha ka jingthoh kaba la ai kyrteng ‘Two thousand years of iron smelting in the Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, North East’ kaba la pynmih ha ka snem 2013, u Pawel Prokop bad Ireneusz Suliga ki la kdew shai ba ka saiñ nar ka dei kawei na ki kam kaba ki Khasi ki la ju trei naduh shuwa ka jingwan jong ki Phareng bad ki la trei ïa kane ka kam la kumba ar hajar (2000) snem mynshuwa. Kine ki nongthoh ki shem ba ka buit saiñ nar jong ki Khasi ka dei ka jingstad tynrai jong ki hi. Kane ka stad saiñ nar ka la hiar la bun spah pateng bad ka pynpaw shai ba ki Khasi ki la buhai shnong ha kine ki Lum naduh lai hajar (3000) bad saw hajar (4000) snem mynshuwa. Ha kane kajuh ka jingthoh la ong ba ki Khasi ki dei ka kynhun kaba mih na ka kynhun bah kaba la tip kum “Austro-Asiatic family” bad ki la wan ban buhai shnong ha ki them jong ka wahbah Ganges hapdeng ki snem lai hajar (3000) lane san hajar (5000) (BC) Shuwa u Khrist (SK). Ïa kane la kubur da kiwei ki riew wad bniah bad ïa ka jingshem jong ki riewstad kiba wad bniah la pynmih ha ki kot kiba pher. Ha kawei na ki jingwad bniah la shem ba ki jaitbynriew bapher kiba mih na ka kynhun Austro-Asiatic ki la buhai shnong kylleng ka Thaiñ Mihngi bad ba Shathie jong ka Dewbah Asia bad kawei na kita ka dei ka Jaidbynriew Khasi. Kumta lah ban ong ba ki Khasi ki la shong shnong ha kine ki Lum ha ka juk kaba la tip kum ka “Neolithic era” hapdeng ki snem saw hajar (4000) bad ar hajar (2000) SK lane hapdeng hynriew hajar (6000) bad saw hajar (4000) SK. Ka snem 4000 SK ka long kaba kongsan ba ngin buh jingmut namar ba ki Khasi ki don ruh ka jingïasyriem bad ki Munda. Kine ki snem ba la kdew ki long kiba kongsan.
Ka dei ha ka snem ar hajar hynriew spah (2600) SK, kaba mut saw hajar hynriew spah snem (4600) mynshuwa, ba ka pateng bynriew kaba la tip kum ka Indus Valley Civilization ka la ïeng rasong bad kane ka pateng ka la jah duh noh na sla pyrthei kumba lai hajar san spah snem (3500) snem mynshuwa bad la shem ba ki la don sa kiwei pat ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ki jait ktien Indo-European kiba la wan buhai shnong bad ki la thaw ïa ki 16 tylli ki Mahajanapadas lane ki Hima ha kylleng ka dewbah India hyndai bad kine ki Hima ki im bad neh hapdeng ka spah snem kaba hynriew (6) bad kaba saw (4) SK. Ka dei ruh kane ka juk ba ki niam Hindu, Buddhist bad Jain ki long ki niam kiba kongsan bad kiba khlaiñ bor. Kita ki Mahajanapadas ki la kylla long ki Hima bah kiba khraw kum ka Hima jong ki Murya, ka Hima jong ki Gupta bad kiwei. Katba ka Hima Delhi Sultanate pat ka la khie rasong ha ka spah snem kaba khat lai (13) bad kaba ïalam sha ka jingsynshar jong ka Hima Mughal bakhraw bad sa bud pat sa ka jingkurup bor jong ka Hima Bilat tat haduh ban da thaw ïa ka Ri India kaba laitluid naduh ka snem 1947.
Hapdeng kine ki jingkylla kiba shyrkhei, ka Jaitbynriew Khasi bad Munda ki la lah ban ïaksaid ban im bad ban pynneh ïa la ki tynrai bad dei riti. Ki la bat skhem triang bad snoh bah ha la ki jong ki dustur, wat la hateng hateng ki la dei ban shim kylliang na kiwei pat. Lah ban sngewthuh ba ka la don ka bor kaba jur kaba taban ïa ka jaitbynriew Khasi ba ka dei ban pynkylla ïa la ka tynrai bad ban ïatuidlang ha ka wahbah ryngkat bad kiwei ki jaitbynriew, khamtam eh ban long kum kiwei ki jaitbyriew kiba kheiñ jait na u kpa. Ki trai ri trai muluk satlak ka pyrthei ki mad ïa kajuh ka jingshah pynbor, ka jingshah peit ibeiñ bad ki don ki khep ba ki mad ruh ïa ka jingleh kñi leh kpa jong ki jaitbynriew heh paid kiba hikai bad batai ne pynbor ïa ki ban pynkylla dur ïa ki tynrai long jaidbynriew jong ki. Hapdeng ka jingshah pynbor ne jingshah synshar ha kiwei bad hapdeng ki jingkhih phaloh kiba pher ka Jaitbynriew Khasi ka la ïeng skhem ban pynneh ïa ka tynrai kheiñ kur kheiñ kha bad ka jingshim jait na ka kmie. Kumta pateng la pateng kane ka kynhun jong ki briew kaba la tip kum ki Khasi, ki pynithuh ïalade katkum ki dei riti ba ki la pyndonkam bad ñiewkor lyngba ki hajar snem kiba la leit noh. Namarkata ka daw ka don ka jingma kaba khraw ban pynkylla ïa ka rukom shim jait na ka jait kmie sha ka jait kpa bad ban pynkylla ïa ka kheiñ kur kheiñ kha. Ka jingpynkylla kan ktah jur ïa ka jinglong kyrpang bad kan long ruh kum ka jingkheiñ dewthala ïa kaei kaba ki longshuwa ki la ïaksaid tyngeh ban pynneh wat hapdeng shibun ki jingkylla ha ka pyrthei bad ka juk kaba ki im.
Ngi dei ruh ban sngewthuh ba ki kpa ki kmie tymmen jong ka Jaitbynriew Khasi ki tip bad sngewthuh biang biang ïa ki tynrai jong ki Jaitbynriew kiba shim jait na u kpa. Ha kajuh ka por ki shim kylliang ruh ïa ki dustur na kiwei ki jaitbynriew ban pynriewspah ïa la ka jong ka tynrai bad lehse ki kynhun kiba mynta ki kwah ban pynkylla ïa ka jingkheiñ jait na ka kmie sha u kpa ki kwah ban pynriewspah ïa ka kolshor. Ha ka thaiñ Bhoi ka ju don ka rukom ha ka dustur ïapoikha kaba la tip kum ka shim-bhoi. Kane ka dei ka rukom ba haba kano kano ka longïing/kur ka don tang ki khun shynrang bad khnang ban pynneh ïa ka spah ka phew hapoh ka kur ki ju leit shim tnga na kiwei ki jaitbynriew kiba marjan kum ki Karbi kiba shim jait na u kpa. KI khun ki kti kiba mih na kane ka jingïapoikha ki shim jai tba u kpa bad lada jia ba kha tang ki khun kynthei suda ki khun kynthei ki kylla long ki kmie jong kata ka jait bad ki khun jong ki kin shim sha lade ïa kata ka jait. Lah ban ong hangne ba la pyndonkam ïa ka dustur shi jait na u kpa bad la leh khnang ïa kane na ka daw ban pynneh pynsah ïa ka spah bad ki jingdon jingem jong ka kur. Ha ka jingshem bad jingïohi jong ka kynhun kiba dawa ban pynkylla ïa ka dustur shim jait, hato ka don mo kano kano ka jingma halor ka jingdon jingem bad ka spah ka phew jong ka Jaitbynriew lymda ngi pynkylla noh ïa ka rukom shim jait? Ïa kane ka jingkylli dei tang ma ki hi kiba lah ban jubab. La ka long kumno kumno ruh, ngam lah ban ngeit ba ka dustur kaba la neh mynta la kumba hynriew hajar (6000) snem ba kan long ka tor haduh katta ba la donkam ban pynkylla khnang ban ïada ïa ka spah ka phew bad ka rukom ïoh pateng jong ka Jaitbynriew.
Ka jingshim jait na ka kmie bad ka kheiñ kur kheiñ kha kaba ngi don ka dei u mawkhrum ba kongsan jong ka Jaitbynriew Khasi bad jingshim jait na ka kmie ka dei ka dustur ba ki Khasi ki pynithuh sha ka pyrthei ba ki dei ka Jaitbynriew kaba la rim tam bad kaba kyrpang. Ka Jaitbynriew Khasi ka dang bud bad pynneh ïa kane ka dustur kum ka jingñiewkor ïa ki longshuwa kiba la ïengskhem triang ban bat ïa kane ka tynrai wat la hapdeng ki jingkyntur jong kiwei ki kolshor kiba don bor lyngba ki spah bad hajar snem kiba la leit noh. Kumta ka long kaba kongsan ban pynneh ïa kane ka tynrai ban shim jait na ka kmie bad khlem kane ka Jaitbynriew Khasi ka lah ban duh jait syndon na sla pynthei. Kumta ka Jaitbynriew Khasi kam dei ban liat ha ka liew lep jong ka jingpynkylla ïa ka dustur shim jait.
