Ngi long kawei ka jaitbynriew

Leba Lamin

Ha ka jingïaid lynti kum ka jaitbynriew Hynñiewtrep naduh ba sdang kynthong jong kane ka pyrthei ngi tip shai ba ngi long kawei ka jaitbynriew kumba ka jingrwai ba la rwai da u E Brektis Roy Wanswett u Khynriam u Pnar, u Bhoi, u War,  ngi dei u paid Khasi ba ïar. Kynthup lang u Khasi Maram bad Khasi Lyngngam, lada ngi phai khyndiat shaphang ka jingïaid lynti jong ka jaitbynriew Hynñiewtrep naduh ka por ba ka jingsynshar Hima ka dang khlaiñ bad ka dang ïatylli mlon kawei ban pynlong ïa kane ka ka Ri Hynñiewtrep. Hooid, lada ngin kyrtiang dien khyndiat sha ka mynnor kaba la leit noh naduh u snem 1835, bad balei ngi hap ban da kren bha naduh une u snem namar ba dei ha une hi u snem ba ki phareng ki la sdang knieh noh ïa ka bor synshar khamtam hapoh ka Hima Sutnga (Jaiñtia), bad nalor kata ki la sdang ruh ban pyntrei kam ïa ka buit pharia bad pynpait jaitbynriew. Ki phareng kum ki nongsynshar mynder ki la pyntreikam da kane ka buit phiah bad synshar bad dei ruh lehse naduh kane ka por ka la rung ha ki jingmut jingpyrkhat jong ki katto-katne ki para doh ki para snam jong ngi namar ïoh lehse kim pyn shitom ïalade ban wad ïa la ka tynrai bad ka thymmei jong ka jinglong kawei ka jaitbynriew.

Ha ka por ba u Syiem Rajendra Singh u long u Syiem jong ka Hima Jaiñtiapur, bad dei ruh ha kane hi ka juh ka snem ba ki phareng ki la knieh noh ïa ka Jayanta Pargana bad ka Gobha bad ki la pynïasoh (Merged) ïa kine ki jaka kawei bad ka Sylhet bad kawei pat bad ka Nowgong. Bad ki la ieh tang ïa ki bynta ba long lum (Hill Area) jong ka Hima Jaiñtiapur ba un synshar u Syiem Rajendra Singh bad une um treh bad ki phareng ki la pynlong British Area syndon ïa ka Hima Jaiñtiapur baroh kawei. Te hangne ngi sngewthuh ba ki phareng kum ki Nongsynshar mynder ki la pyndonkam da kata ka buit phiah bad synshar (divide et impera policy) bad dei lyngba kane ka buit pharia jaitbynriew jong ki la pyrshang ban pynsngewthuh bakla ha ngi ki khun ki ksiew jong u Hynñiewtrep bad khamtam eh ha kito ki jaka ba ki ïoh ban synshar la pynrung ïa kane ka rukom pyrkhat kaba sniew bad la ïohi ba tad haduh mynta dang don hi katto katne ki bym pat sngewthuh ba ngi ïalong kawei ka jaitbynriew Khasi ha khmat ka ri India baïar. Namar ha kum kane ka por ba kum ka jaitbynriew Hynñiewtrep ka ïakhih ïaksaid na ka bynta ban ïoh ïa ka hok kaba shongnia kaba ngi dei ban ïoh ha kaba ïa dei bad ka thung kam thung jam bad kiwei kiwei de ki hok kiba ngi dei ban ïoh kum ka jaitbynriew.

Hynrei kyndit-kynsan ka mih pynban ka sur na ki katto katne ki ‘Riew Rangbah ban dawa noh la ka jong ka bhah na ka bynta ka Jaiñtia. Lada ka mih kaba kum kane ka sur na ki katto katne ki briew ka lah ban ïalam bakla ïa ka jaitbynriew lehse ki sngew ba ngi  ïapher, ngim beiñ ne kynthoh ïano ïano, hynrei lehse ïoh kim pat tip bha ïa ka thymmei jong ka jaitbynriew Hynñiewtrep. Ka kyrteng Jaiñtia kam thew ïa ka jinglong jaitbynriew, hynrei ka thew ïa ka jaka bad ha ki por ba kham mynshwa la ju khot ruh ka Hima Sutnga, bad ha kane ka Hima la shong la sah da ki Khasi (Pnar) na sha ki thaiñ ba long them pat la shong da ki Khasi (War). Dei na kata ka daw ngi sngewthuh ba ka kyntien Jaiñtia ka mut ne thew ïa ka jaka bad ngi long beit kawei ka jaitbynriew. Namar ngi don ka kur kaba tehsong ïa ngi la ngi shong ngi sah ha la ka jong ka jong ka jaka Hima ne Elaka bad ngi dang don ka jingïadei kur bad ka jingïateh kur na kawei ka Hima sha kawei pat ka Hima. Lada ngi sngew ba la ka Hima ngi kheiñ la la ka jong ka Ri bad la ka kur ngi kheiñ la ka jong ka jaitbynriew, te hangta la kulmar bad kan mih shibun ki ri bad shibun ki jaitbynriew hapoh ka Bri Hynñiewtrep, hynrei kam long pat kumta ngi dang ïateh kur ngi tip ïa ka kheiñ kur kheiñ kha, ta ka daw ngi long beit kawei ka jaitbynriew Hynñiewtrep.

Hapoh ka Bri jong u Hynñiewtrep ngi don shibun ki Hima bad ki Elaka naduh ki por barim bajah bad ngin bynrap lang ïa kine ki Hima ngi ïoh ïa ka Ri khasi bad hapoh ka Bri Hynñiewtrep ngi don ruh shibun ki kur ki jait bad ngin bynrap lang ïa kine ki kur ngin ïoh ïa ka jaitbynriew Hynñiewtrep. Te na kata ka daw ngim dei ban sngewthuh bakla ba lada ngi ong ba la ka jong ka Hima ne Elaka ngin kheiñ la ka jong ka Ri te katno tylli shuh ngin don Ri ha poh ka Bri Hynñiewtrep? Bad hapoh ka bri jong u Hynñiewtrep ki don shibun ki kur ki jait bad lada ngi kheiñ ba kita ki kur bapher bapher ngin kheiñ noh ba ki ïapher te katno tylli yn don jaitbynriew hapoh ka Bri Hynñiewtrep?  Te ngin bynrap lang ïa kine ki kur ki jait ngin ïoh ïa ka jaitbynriew Khasi. U Dr. Homiwell Lyngdoh Nonglait ha ka jinglamphrang ha ka kot jong u ka ‘Niam Khasi’ u ong ka kyrteng Khasi ka kynthup ïa ki Khasi baroh ki Khasi Pnar ki Khasi War ki Khasi Maram ki Khasi Khynriam ki Khasi Bhoi ki Khasi Lyngngam. Ka jingwan jong ka sorkar phareng bad ka jingïoh jong ka ban tuklar ïa ka synshar ka khadar hapoh ki Hima Khasi ka la pynsakma riang ïa kaei kaei kaba bha ba la buh la seng u longshwa u manshwa. Ka iktiar bad ka kyrdan jong ki bakhraw bad jong ki khun ki Hajar jong ki Hima Khasi ha ki por synshar phareng ka la nang hiar nang hiar. Ka Subsidiary Alliance System ka la wanrah bun kiei kiei kiba sniew bad ki kynrum kynram ha ka synshar ka khadar. Hapoh ka Bri Hynñiewtrep don bun tylii ki Hima kumba ka kdew sha khmat, te ka ri jong ngi ha ka por jong u Dr. John Roberts ka la don hapoh ka jingsynshar jong ki phareng. U Dr. John Roberts u dei u briew jong ka Welsh Mission kaba ïoh ban trei ha ka ri jong ngi da ka jingai jingbit da ka sorkar phareng. Ha ka por ba u Dr. John Roberts u don ha ka ri jong ngi ïa ka ri jong ngi la bynta ha ki ar bynta ba la tip kawei kum ka British India ne British Area bad ïa kawei pat kum ka Indian Native State haba shu kren kyllum kawei na ki Indian State kaba heh ka dei ka Hima Jaiñtia kaba la ïoh ban long British India naduh ka snem 1835. La pynduh ïa ka jinglong Syiem hapoh ka Hima Jaiñtia da ki phareng bad la pynneh  tang ïa ki Daloi, wat la ym don Syiem shuh hapoh Hima Jaiñtia namar ba ka la kylla British Area pynban u Dr. John Roberts u sngew ba ka Hima Jaiñtia ka don hi hapoh ka jylli jong kawei kajuh ka jaitbynriew. Ñiuma, u la lah ban pynpaw ha ki kyntien kiba mar ïa sdang ka jingrwai ieit ri (Khasi Anthem ) ‘Ri Khasi Ri Khasi Nga Ïeit Ïa Pha’. U Dr. John Roberts um pdiang ba don ar tylli ki Ri, hynrei tang kawei bad kumta um shem pyndonkam ïa ki kyntien Ri khasi Ri Jaiñtia nga ieit ïa phi. Ka paw shai ba ka kyntien Ri khasi ka kynthup ïa ki Hima baroh kiba dei na kajuh kawei ka jaitbynriew. Hooid, ym lah ban len u Dr. John Roberts u la pynpaw ba don ar jait ki rukom synshar ha kato ka por, hynrei ym lah khlem peit na kawei pat ka liang ïa ka jingskhem jingmut jong u Dr. John Roberts uba pynpaw ba ka ri bad ka jaitbynriew ka dei kajuh bad tang kawei. Ka rukom pyndonkam ïa ka ktien” War” lane “Pnar” lane Bhoi te ka kham thew ïa ki thaiñ kiba don jingïasoh bad ka Geography ha ka liang ka physical features ka shu long ka rukom kren ba ïa kiba wan na thaiñ war la shu khot War ïa kiba wan na thaiñ Pnar, la khot Pnar ïa kiba wan na thaiñ Bhoi, la shu khot Bhoi kam mut ba War ne Pnar ne Bhoi ka dei ka kyrteng jong ka jaitbynriew. Kum ban shu ai nuksa ki don ki jait Laloo kiba shong ha Pnar ki jait Lamin ha War bad ki Diengdoh ha kiwei pat ki jaka kum ha Khyrim ne ha kiwei kiwei pat ki Hima kine baroh lai ki ïa dei shikur ki mih na kajuh ka ïaw bei ki dang ïateh kur. Te haba ïa dei shikur kam lah long ba kin ïa long la ka jong ka jaitbynriew. U Nongrwai u rwai hapoh ka Bri u Hynñiewtrep, Talawiar U Sohpetbneng, ngi dei ki khun u Hynñiewtrep. Tang kawei ka kyrteng. ki Hima ki bun, jaitbynriew tang kawei Nongkhlaw lane Khadsawphra, Khyrim lane Nongkrem, Jaiñtia lane Sutnga ki dei tang ki kyrteng jong ki Hima hapoh ka Bri Jong u Hynñiewtrep Talawiar U Sohpetbneng ka ri shnong pdeng pyrthei.

Halor kitei ki mat bad ki pung ba la kdew kaba donkam ka long la ngi pdiang ne em ba ngi long kajuh kawei ka jaitbynriew? U Rev Dr. John Roberts bad u Rev. G. Angel Jones ki la thaw ïa ki jingrwai ba ïa dei na ka bynta ka Ri, u Rev. Dr. John Roberts u la thaw ïa kato ka jingrwai Ri Khasi Ri Khasi nga ieit ïa pha. Bad u Rev G. Angel Jones u la thaw ïa kato ka jingrwai “Kynmaw Trai ïa ka Ri Khasi” ym don jingartatien ba baroh arngut ki mut ïa ka Ri Khasi hi ha ki jingkit bad jingmut ba ïar jong ka. Lada u Rev. G Angel Jones u sngew ba don ar ki jaitbynriew hapoh ka Bri u Hynñiewtrep um jin da la thaw ïa kato ka jingrwai ‘Kynmaw Trai ïa ka Ri Khasi’ hynrei kan long noh da kum wei pat. Kan lah ban long noh ha kane ka rukom ‘Kynmaw Trai ïa ka Ri Khasi Jaiñtia’ tangba hynrei u Rev G Angel Jones u sngewthuh ba ngi long kawei ka Ri kawei ka Jaitbynriew. Ha ki por synshar phareng namar ki jingjia bapher bapher don na ki Hima Khasi” kiba la pynsah kum ki Khasi State bad don ruh kiba la pynkylla British Areas. Hynrei kane ka jingleh jong ki phareng kaba don jingïasnoh bad ka buit synshar jong ki ba la tip kum ka “Divide and Rule Policy” kam teh ïa ki Khasi States bad ïa ki British Areas ba kin hap ban sngew ba ki ïapher kum ka jaitbynriew. Ka pynkynmaw ïa ka jingkren kaba 5 tarik Naitung, 1947 jong u Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel bad ha kawei ka bynta jong katei ka jingkren la thoh kumne:-

This country with its institutions is a proud heritage of the people who inhabit it. It is an accident that some live in the states and some in the British India, but all alike partake of its culture and character. We are knit together by bonds of blood and feelings no less than of self interest. None can segregate us into segments no impassible barriers can be set up between us.

Bad shuh shuh ruh ka la don kawei ka jingjia ba ha kito ki snem hynriew phew lai bad hynriew phew saw la pynkha ïa ka Autonomous District thymmai na ka United Khasi- Jaiñtia Hills Autonomous District Council ba la tip kyrteng kum ka Jowai Autonomous District katkum ka Notification No. TAD/R/50/64 dated the 23rd November 1964 published in the Assam Gazette, Extraordinary, No. 61, Monday November 23rd, 1964, Tuesday, November 24 1964. Te ha ka snem 1973 ïa ka kyrteng United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills Autonomous District bad ka Jowai Autonomous District la pynkylla bad ïa kawei la tip kum ka Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council bad kawei pat la tip kum ka Jaiñtia Hills Autonomous District Council vide Notification No.DCA. 31/72/11 Dated the 14th June 1973 published in the Gazette of Meghalaya part VA, June 23, 1973, p 200. 

Wat la ngi la ïohi ba na kawei ka por sha kawei pat ka por la phiah ïa ka rukom synshar khada,r te hynrei kam mut pat ba ngi ïapher iwei ïa iwei lehse ka lah ban long kadaw na ka bynta ban pynkham suk ha ka rukom treikam. Na kata ka daw u Ma Edwingson Bareh u la ai case hapoh Gauhati High Court ban challenge ia ka validity jong ka Notification No. TAD/R/50/64 dated the 23rd November 1964 (Ref: Civil Rule No. 280 of 1964 and Civil Rule 303 of 1964) and appeal was filed by Edwingson Bareh in Supreme Court against the judgement of the High Court ( Ref Civil: Appeal No. 968 of 1965) the judgement of the supreme court maybe seen in the AIR 1966 Supreme Court 1220 (V 53 C 237).

U Ma Edwingson Bareh ha ka petition bad ka appeal jong u, bad kaba long ruh kum ka Nongrim kaba skhem kaba sakhi ba ngi long kawei ka jaitbynriew la ka dei ha khmat jong ka ing kashari la ka dei ha khmat jong u briew ne u Blei ngi khlem ïa pher ngi dei hi ki khun ki ksiew u Hynñiewtrep Talawiar u Sohpetbneng ka Ri shongpdeng pyrthei. Bad ha kata ka petition bad ka appeal jong u Ma Edwingson Bareh la thoh ha ka ktien phareng kaba Ong kumne: “That the people inhabiting the territory comprised within the United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills District are ethnically, racially, culturally, economically, and by tradition are one and the same people. When the British subjugated and annexed the territory they divided it into different units for administrative conveniences, but the people of the said area continued to remain united and maintained the existing closest relationship.

La don ruh ki jingbatai ba ym lah ban wallam ïa ki British Areas hapoh ki “States” kine ki jingbatai ki long kiba bakla ki bym don Nongrim namar ha ka section thymmai ba la pynmih hadien ka 15 tarik Nailar 1947 (section 290-B jong ka Government of India Act, 1935 ) lah ban leh ia kata bad la leh katkum ba paw na ka ” Provinces and States ( Absorption of Enclaves Order, 1950 ba la pynmih da u Governor General of India.

Namar kata ka daw da lei lei ruh ngim dei ban ailad ba kane ka jingpyrkhat mynder kan ïoh ban shong tynrai ha ki jingmut ki jingpyrkhat jong ngi ha man la uwei pa uwei u dkhot jong ka jaitbynriew. Hapoh ka Bri u Hynñiewtrep Talawiar u Sohpetbneng ngi dei ki khun u Hynñiewtrep tang kawei ka kyrteng. Hima Maram, Jaiñtia, Shella, Khyrim, Mawiang, Sohra, bad kiwei de la ki kyrteng, Talawiar u Sohpetbneng. Na Thangbuli, Iongpiah, Malki bad haduh Pyndengrei don bun seng Niam, Kur, bad Hima, jaitbynriew tang kawei.