Bah Kitdor H. Blah
Ïa ka kyntien ‘Secularism’, ngi lah ban batai kumne: “Government shall not favour or restrict any Religion.” Kaba mut ba ka Sorkar kam dei ban ïashah ne pyrshah ïa kano kano ka Niam. Ka bud nangta ba ka Sorkar kam dei ban thaw aiñ ka ban ïashah shiliang ne pyrshah ïa kano kano ka kynhun Niam. Ïa ka kyntien ‘Secular’ la bsut ha ka Preamble lane ‘tien sdang jong ka Constitution jong ka Ri India lyngba ka 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
Mynta, baroh baroh ki pyrshah UCC namar ki sngew ba ka UCC ka dei ka atiar jong ka kynhun heh paid ban thombor ïa ki kynhun rit paid, la ha ka Niam ne ha ka dustur. Hato kane ka dei pat ka jingmut kaba shisha jong ka UCC ha ka Constitution? Bad lada don kum kata ka jingthmu ruh, hato ka UCC ka dei shisha mo ka iktiar na bynta kata? Ban sngewthuh ïa ka jingshisha halor ka UCC, ngim dei ban peit sha ki khubor ne sha ka jingkren saiñ pyrthei, hynrei sha ka histori bad ka nongrim jong ka UCC.
Ka UCC ka la rung ha ka Constitution jong ka Ri India lyngba ka Sub Committee on Fundamental Rights. Kane ka Sub Committee ka dei kaba la thung da ka Advisory Committee jong ka Constituent Assembly ban jer ïa kita ki Fundamental Rights ne ki hok longbriew. Kaba mih na kata ka Sub Committee ka long ka jingjer kaba rew (draft list) jong kita ki Fundamental Rights, bad la pynïapher hapdeng ki justiciable Fundamental Rights, lane ki hok longbriew kiba lah ban pynjubor da ka Ïingkashari, bad ki non-justiciable Fundamental Rights, ki bym lah ban pynjubor halor ki State, la ki long ka Sorkar Pdeng, ka Sorkar Jylla ne kino-kino ki bor thaw aiñ.
Ka Advisory Committee pat, ha ka draft Constitution, ka la shim ïa ki justiciable Fundamental Rights ha ka jingjer ïa ki Fundamental Rights bad ïa ki non-justiciable Rights pat, ka Advisory Committee ka la buh kum ki ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’, kaba mut kita ki nongrim ki ban long ka jinglam khmat ha ka synshar bad ka jingthaw aiñ, hynrei kiba ka ïingkashari kan ym pynjubor ïa ki. Ka UCC ka la wan rung ha ka Sub Committee kum kawei na ki non-justiciable Fundamental Rights, bad hadien pat, ha ka draft Constitution jong ka Advisory Committee, kum kawei na ki ‘Directive Principles of State Policy.’ Ka Constituent Assembly ka la ïatai halor ka UCC ha u 23 tarik u Naiwieng, 1948, bad ïa ka UCC la bsut ha ka Article 44, hapoh ka bynta kaba saw jong ka Constitution, kata ka Directive Principles of State Policy, da kine ki kyntien: “The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.”
Hapdeng kane ka nia saiñ pyrthei ha Ri India mynta, kaba don ïa ka jingpharia hapdeng ki kynhun Niam lane ki heh paid bad rit paid, ka jingïakren halor ka UCC ruh ka long beit kaba pharia ïa ka Ri. Kane ka nia halor ka UCC kaba pynïapher kynhun ka long pynban kum ka jingïohnong ïa ki katto katne ki seng saiñ pyrthei, da kaba pynïatylli ïa ki nongthep vote jong ki da kane ka nia pharia Ri. Bad ngi dei ban shai ka jingmut halor ka nongrim ba shisha jong ka UCC khnang ban ngin lait na ka jingshah pynthame ha ka nia saiñ pyrthei.
Nyngkong, ka nongrim jong ka UCC ka shong tynrai ha ki hok shimet lane Fundamental Rights. Ka nongrim jong ki Fundamental Rights ka dei ban pynthikna ïa ka jinglaitluid u nongshong shnong na ka jingthombor ka sorkar bad ka nongrim jong ki Directive Principles of State Policy pat ka dei ban pynthikna ïa ka jinglaitluid u nongshong shnong ha ka liang ka imlang sahlang bad ka kamai kajih. Te kumta, ka UCC, kum kaba la hiar pateng na ki non-justiciable Fundamental Rights bad kum kawei na ki Directive Principles, ka don ïa ka nongrim ban ïada ïa ki nongshong shnong na ka jingshah thombor jong ka jinglaitluid shimet jong ki ha ka imlang sahlang bad ka kamai kajih (social & economic freedom).
Kaba ar, ka UCC, kum kawei na ki non-justiciable Fundamental Rights bad hadien kum kawei na ki Directive Principles, ka dei ka nongrim ban lamkhmat ïa ka Sorkar bad bor thawaiñ, hynrei kam dei kaba lah ban pynjubor. Ka Article 37 jong ka bynta Directive Principles, ka batai: “The provisions contained in this Part shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.” Kaba mut, ba ka Ïingkashari kam lah ban pynbor ïa ka State ban pyntreikam ïa kine ki Directive Principles, kynthup ka UCC. Bad ka jingmut jong ka kyntien State, katkum ki Article 36 bad 12, ka mut ka Sorkar Pdeng bad ki sorkar jylla, ka Parliament bad ki ïingdorbar thawaiñ jylla, bad kino kino ki bor thawaiñ, kynthup ïa ki Autonomous District Council. Te wat lada ka Parliament ka pynlong aiñ ïa ka UCC ruh, bad lada ïa kata ka UCC la thmu pynlong atiar ban thombor ïa ki jylla ne kynhun rit paid ruh, ki sorkar jylla bad kiwei ki bor thawaiñ ki lah ban kyntait mardor ïa ka.
Kaba lai, ka UCC kam shym la shah kyntiew ha ka Constitution kum ka jingpyrshah ïa kino kino ki Fundamental Rights, kynthup ïa ka Right to Freedom of Religion. Kane ka dei namar ka UCC ka la hiar pateng hi na kata ka jingjer rew jong ki Fundamental Rights, kaba mut ba kam lah ban long pyrshah ïa kino kino ki hok shimet lane Fundamental Rights. Bad ki Fundamental Rights jong ka Constitution ki dei kita ki justiciable Rights, kiba ka Ïingkashari ka lah ban pynjubor. Te wat lada la thmu pynlong ïa ka UCC kum ka atiar ban thombor ïa ki kynhun Niam, kata kan ym lah ban ïeng ha ka Ïingkashari namar ka Constitution kam shah ban pynjubor ïa ka UCC, katba ïa ka jinglaitluid jong ki kynhun Niam pat, ka Ïingkashari ka lah ban pynjubor ïa ka Sorkar ban kohnguh.
Kaba saw, wat lada pynlong aiñ ïa ka UCC ruh, ki jylla kim donkam ban bret sharud ïa ki aiñ kiba ki don ha kaba ïadei bad ka shongkha shongman lane ka jingïoh pateng, namar kine ki dei ki phang kiba ki jylla ki don bor ban thaw aiñ, namar ki don ha ka mat ba san jong ka Concurrent List, ha ka khyrnit ba hynñiew/Seventh Schedule jong ka Constitution.
Kaba san, kum shi bynta jong ka Constitution, ka UCC kan hap ïaid ryntih lem bad kiwei ki kyndon jong ka Constitution, kynthup ïa ka khyrnit ba hynriew/Sixth Schedule. Te kumta, ka UCC kan hap ïaid ryntih lang bad ka jingïada kaba ki jaka ri lum ki ïoh lyngba ki Autonomous District Council ha ki mat 3(h) bad 3(i) jong ka Sixth Schedule ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingthaw aiñ jong ki halor ka shongkha shongman bad ka jingïoh pateng, lem bad ka jingïada kaba ki ïoh ha ka mat 12A(b) ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingtreikam jong kino kino ki aiñ jong ka Parliament.
Kaba hynriew, kaei kaba ngi klet ban ïohi hapdeng kine ki nia saiñ pyrthei halor ka UCC kiba pynïapher Niam bad kynhun, ka long ba kam pat don hi ruh kata ka aiñ rew jong ka UCC ne kino kino ki mat rew jong ka UCC. Te kumta, kine ki nia jong ki seng saiñ pyrthei ki long tang shaphang ka jingmut jong ka UCC, hynrei ym ïa ka met jong ka UCC, namar kam pat don met eiei haduh mynta. Te hynrei ki nia saiñ pyrthei halor ka jingmut jong ka UCC ki long ïa mynta hi tang na ka bynta ka jingïohnong saiñ pyrthei, la ki don ha kano kano ka liang ruh. Kim kren ïa ka histori bad ka nongrim kaba shisha jong ka UCC, kaba dei hi shaphang ka hok shimet ha ka imlang sahlang bad ka kamai ka kajih.
Kaba hynñiew bad khatduh, kaei kaba ngi klet ban ïohi hapdeng kine ki nia saiñ pyrthei halor ka UCC, ka long ka hok kaba ka UCC ka lah ban wanrah shisha halor ka jingshah thombor jong ka hok shimet kaba ki briew ki mad. Kum ka nuksa, ka jingbymhok kaba ki kynthei ha ka Niam Islam ki mad, haba ki shah pynbor ban shongkurim bad u lok uba ïoh bun ngut ki lok, ka long kaei kaei kaba ka UCC ka lah ban ai jingpynbeit lem na bynta ka hok jong ki.
Kumba ngi la ïohi haneng, ka kyntien ‘Secularism’ ka mut ba ka Sorkar kam dei ban ïashah ne pyrshah ïa kano kano ka Niam. Te lada kano kano ka seng saiñ pyrthei ka thmu ban wanrah ïa ka jingryntih ha ka Ri, da kaba pyrkhing ïa ki kynhun Niam, kane kan long pyrshah ïa ka nongrim jong ka ‘Secularism’. Te hynrei lada kano kano ka Niam pat ka thombor ïa ka hok shimet jong kino kino ki briew, bad ka Sorkar ka peit matlah ïa kata ka jingbymhok, kata ruh ka long pyrshah ïa ka ‘Secularism’ namar ka Sorkar ka ïashah shiliang ïa ka kynhun Niam ha shwa jong ka hok shimet ki briew. Te kumta, ka nongrim ba shisha jong ka Article 44 lane ka UCC, kam dei kaba thmu ban pynryntih Niam, ban pyrkhing Niam ne ban ïashah Niam, hynrei ka dei beit ban ïada ïa ka hok shimet jong ki nongshong shnong ha ka imlang sahlang bad ka kamai kajih. Kiwei kiwei pat ki nia halor Ka UCC ki bym ïadei bad kane ka nongrim ki dei tang ki jingpynthame jong ka saiñ pyrthei na bynta ka jingïohnong jong ki.
Halor kine ki jingpuson haneng, hato ka UCC ka long ka jingbha ne ka jingsniew? Ka UCC ka long kaba bha ha ka jingthmu bad nongrim jong ka, ban wanrah ïa ka jingryntih ha ka jingïada ïa ki hok shimet satlak ka Ri India, kaba ngin ym lah ban ïada lada ngi ïashah ïa ka kynhun Niam ha shwa ka hok ki briew. Ka jingthombor ïa ka hok ka wan ha ki dur bapher, bad ka wan ruh ha ka rukom jong ki kyndon Niam. Kumba ai nuksa haneng, ka jingshongkurim jubor jong ki kynthei Muslim bad u shynrang uba bun lok, kadei kawei ka jingbymhok kaba dei ban don ka jingpynbeit. Ka Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, ka dei kawei ka aiñ kaba la wanrah ïa ka jingïada ïa ka hok ki khynnah, kaba lah ban shah thombor ha ka dustur jong ki Hindu. Haba ngi khmih pat sha ka Jaitbynriew Khasi, ngi ïohi ka jingbymhok ha kaba ïadei bad ka jinghiar pateng. Lada ka kynthei Khasi ka ïashong bad u bym dei Khasi, ki khun ki dei beit ki Khasi. Hynrei, katkum ka Khasi Social Custom of Lineage Act pat, lada u shynrang Khasi u ïashong bad ka kynthei Khasi ruh, ki khun kin shah kyntait na ka jinglong Khasi tang namar ba ki shim ïa ka jait u kpa. Kum kane ka jingthombor ïa ka hok shimet jong ki para Jaitbynriew, ka long kaba donkam ban pynbeit. Lada phi pule ïa ka Article 44, ka dei ka kamram jong ka State ban wanrah ïa ka UCC. Te kumba ngi ïohi haneng, ka State ka thew ïa baroh ki bor thaw aiñ, kynthup ïa ki Autonomous District Council ruh. Ka KHADC ka dei ban shimkhia hi ban pynbeit ïa kane ka jingbymhok pyrshah ïa ki shynrang Khasi, khlem da ap ïa kata ka UCC jong ka Sorkar Pdeng. Ka dei ban shimkhia hi ïa ka nongrim jong ka Article 44.
Ka jingsniew jong ka UCC pat kan long lada pyndonkam ïa ka kum ka atiar ban shu pyrkhing ïa ki kynhun Niam tang na bynta ka jingryntih, ym na bynta ka hok ki briew. Na ka liang jong ka jingngeit Khristan, ka jingtyngkhuh jong ka UCC bad ka jingngeit ka lah ban long ha kaba ïadei bad ka kam shongkha shongman bad jingpynkyntiew kurim. Ha ka jingngeit Khristan, ka shongkha shongman ka dei hapdeng uwei u shynrang briew bad kawei ka kynthei briew. Ka UCC kan long jingpynthut lada ka ïaleh ban wanrah ïa ka jingbatai shaphang ka shongkha shongman ka bym dei hapdeng uwei u shynrang briew bad kawei ka kynthei briew. Kane ka kham ma ïa ki Khristan namar lada synshar ka BJP ne ka Congress ruh, ka UCC kan sa wan hi, bad kane ka mat kam long pyrshah ïa baroh ar ki seng saiñ pyrthei. Hynrei, nga ngeit kum kane ka jingthmu ka long pyrshah ïa ka nongrim jong ka Article 44.
