Raphael Warjri
Haba kren ïa ka thoh ka tar kaba dei ban pyrshang thoh, kren ne pule da la ka ktien tynrai lajong, ka ktien Khasi lada dei ka ktien pdeng ne ki ktien na satlak ka Ri Khasi naduh ki thaiñ Lyngam shaduh ki thaiñ Pnar bad naduh thaiñ Bhoi shaduh thaiñ War haba kdew tang ha la ka jylla Meghalaya. Hynrei lada kdup lang ïa kiwei kiwei ki thaiñ kiba saphriang lah ban kynthup ruh shaduh khappud ba shathie ha Sylhet jong ka Ri Bangladesh bad sha them Barak jong ka jylla Assam. Kumba la ju kdew barabor ba ki ktien shnong kiba ym lah ban shem shuh ha ka ktien pdeng, lah ban kynthup da ki ktien shnong na kino kino ki thaiñ khnang ban roi, ban san, ban mer ka ktien bad katlah katïai la ïai pyrshang ruh ban thawhi da ki ktien thymmai na ki kyntien tynrai jong ka ktien Khasi shityllup. Nalor ka ba phikir ban pynneh da ki ktien tynrai ïa ki ktien ba kongsan ha ka deiriti ne wat kyllum ha ka imlang sahlang, lane ki ktien ba ïakren ha ïew ha hat ha lynti syngkien, donkam ruh ban husiar ban ym hun da kaba kynnoh ba ka ktien Khasi ka shim kylliang na kiwei ki ktien nongwei, namar ba ka lah ban long ba kiwei ki shim kylliang na ka ktien Khasi. Hynrei ïa kaba la thikna ba la shim kylliang te dei ban phla hok khlem lehraiñ ban kam ba dei ki ktien ba la shim kylliang na kiwei. Kumba la kdew hashwa kum ki ktien tin, pin, skul, almari, ben,bitor, klat, sikret, spel, dot, kudam, lynten, ketli, taksi, phutbol bad kiwei kiwei kiba la shim pylleiñ na ka ktien phareng.Nangta ki ktien kali, shuki, bhindi, tarik, dusmon, pudina, shamoit, pela, peris, khulom, kot, sia, dawai, synduk, khalki, sorkar, bad kiwei kiwei ba la shim na ki ktien dkhar. Kum kine ki ktien ym lah shuh ban kylla namar ba ki la long trai ki ktien Khasi bad la sngewthuh salonsar.
Hynrei ki don ki ktien ba dang lah ban thawhi na la ki tynrai kyntien Khasi, te ka bha hi ban pyrshang pyndonkam da la ki ktien tynrai lajong. Kawei na ki bynta jong ka thoh ka kren bad ka pule kaba la don lypa ka rukom pynshong ryntih ha ka ktien phareng khnang ba kan long ka aiñ kaba lah ban bud ryntih ha ka rukom hikai ïa ka ktien, ka dei kata kaba ha ka ktien phareng la ong ‘Grammar’ bad ‘Part of Speech’. Namar ba kine ki ktien jong ka aiñ ha kaba pyndonkam ïa ka ktien na ka bynta kaba thoh, kren bad pule, kumta la pyrshang thawhi ha la ka ktien tynrai da kaba sdang shwa na kaba sdang kita ki artlli ki ktien ba kongsan ha ka thoh, kren bad pule. Haba thawhi makna ruh ka ktien ka dei ban long kaba kit jingmut, kaba snah ban kren ne sngap bad kaba lyngkot katba lah, ban shna tang shikyntien. Ka shnatip (branch of knowledge) ha ka stadtip ïa ka ktien la thawhi ban kit jingmut Saiñktien ïa ka ktien phareng Linguistics bad ïa ki riewtbit saiñktien da ka phareng Linguist. Kumta ïa ka ktien phareng Grammar la jer ban kit jingmut Sohktien – kata ka mut kaba kit jingmut bun syrtap, kawei ka long ba dei ka soh jong ki ktien ba synrop lang ha kaba thoh ne kren, bad kawei pat ka long ba pyniasoh ïa ki ktien ban kit jingmut katkum ka aiñ jong ka ktien ba thoh, kren ne pule. Ha kaba ïadei bad ka ktien phareng Part of Speech lah ban jer synlar Ka Bynta jong ka Jingkren.
Ka sohktien (grammar) bad bynta jingkren (part of speech) ha ka ktien (language) Khasi lah ban ai jingmut kat kum ka rukom jong ka ktien phareng ba la kdew kumne harum:
Noun – Tienmet Tienpasoh : ka mut ba dei ka ktien ba long met bad don pasoh ba paw tylli katkum ka kyrteng, kum ïa ka kyrteng briew, jaka, ne ki mar ne kiei kiei ba don la ka kyrteng lajong.
Pronoun – Tiennam Tienjer : ka mut ba dei ka ktien kaba mihpli ban shim bujli ban jer ban nam ha ka jaka jong ka tienmet tienpasoh.
Verb – Tienleh Tienjia: ka mut dei ka ktien kaba ithuh ïa kaei kaba don, leh ne jia haba kren.
Adjective- Tienlong Tiendei : ka mut dei ka ktien kaba batai ïa ka jinglong jingman jong ka tienmet tienpasoh.
Adverb- Shohktien : ka mut ba dei ka ktien kaba pynshoh ktien kham jur shuh shuh ïa ka tienlong tiendei.
Preposition- Tiensynrop Tienkynthup : ka mut dei ka ktien kaba pynsnoh ïa ka tienmet tienpasoh ne tiennam tienjer bad kiwei ki bynta ha ka jingkren.
Conjunction- Tiensnoh Tienbteng : ka mut dei ka ktien kaba bteng kyntien ha ki bynta jingkren
Interjection – Tienkyndit Tienkynsan : ka mut dei ka ktien kaba pynpaw jingsngew kyndit ba khlem khmih lynti ne jia kynsan ha ka bynta jingkren
Articles- Tiensin : ka mut dei ka ktien kaba sin ïa ki tienmet tienpasoh katkum ka jinglong bad kyrdan kaba dei.
Kine kiba la kdew ki long ki ktien thawhi kiba ïadei bad ka aiñ na ka bynta ban pynshong ïa ki ktien bad kyntien ha kawei ka lynter synrop ktien ne ha ka dkhot ne ha ka jynthoh pura. Kita ki lynter synrop ktien, ki dkhot ktien ne jynthoh ktien pura ki dei ban don la ka thup kaba synrop shisien kren ban kit jingmut, khlem da bteng lynter taid haduh ba ym lah shuh ban peiphang, kum ïa kita ki kyntien ha kawei ka ktien ba synrop shijaka lah ban jer ka Synrop-ktien kaba kit jingmut ha ka ktien phareng ‘Sentence’. Ki synropktien ba byllai ki kynthup ha ka shidkhot lane ki lah ban don shisynropktien ha la ka syrtap ban long dkhot katkum ki syrtap ba mang hi ki nongthoh.
