Bhogtoram Mawroh
Ha ka lyngkhuh snem kaba san phew ar ka Jylla Meghalaya, U Myntri Rangbah ka Jylla u la pyllait paidbah ïa ka Anthem jong ka Meghalaya, kaba long ka jing-rwai kaba kynthup hapoh kawei ka jingrwai ïa ki ktien Khasi, Garo bad English. Ki la mih ruh ki jingkynthoh pyrshah ïa kane ka Anthem halor ka nongrim ba kam shym la kynthup ïa kiwei de ki ktien kiba don ha ka Ri Khasi. Kawei na ki jingkynthoh pyrshah ka la wan na ka Jaintia Students’ Union kiba la dawa ba dei ban pynbeit mar dor da kaba weng noh ïa ka English bad thep noh da ka ktien tnat na Jaintia Hills. Hato kane ka jingdawa ka shong nia ? Balei yn pynrung tang ïa ka ktien tnat na Jaiñtia Hills ? Kumno shaphang kiwei pat ki ktien tnat na ki thaiñ Maram, Lyngngam, War, Bhoi bad kiwei. Ngi dei ruh ban tip ba ka ktien Khasi kaba ki rwai ha ka Anthem ka dei ka ktien shnong Sohra bad hapoh ka thaiñ Khynriam ki don shibun ki ktien tnat ne ki ktien shnong. Hato dei ban pynrung lut ïa kine ki ktien shnong ha ka Anthem ? Hato don lai tylli ki jaitbynriew ha Meghalaya? Ne ki don hynñiew tylli ? Ha lum Garo te ngam da don ka jingtip kaba bniah. Khatduh eh, balei kane ka jingkylli ka long kaba kongsan bad kumno ka ktah ?
Ka jingpynksan nia ïa ka jingdawa ban pynrung ïa ka ktien shnong na Jaiñtia Hills ka long halor ka nongrim ba don lai tylli ki District Council, kita, ka Khasi Hills, Jaiñtia Hills bad Garo Hills, kiba synshar ïa ki lai tylli ki kynhun. Phewse, ïa kine ki District Council la thaw na ka bynta ka jingbit jingbiang jong ka synshar khadar bad ki dei kiba mih dang shen. Hyndai ki don ki Hima, kum ka Hima Sutnga ne Jaiñtia bad kiwei de kiba kham paw kum ka Hima Nongkhlaw ha kaba u Tirot Sing u la long u Syiem jong ka. Hato ka Hima Nongkhlaw ruh ka dei ka jaitbynriew kumba la pynksan ïa ka Hima Jaiñtia ? Lada ngi shim ba kane ka jingpynbeit ïa ka synshar khadar jong ki District Council ka thew ïa ka jinglong jaitbynriew, kata ka mut ka jinglong kawei ka jaitbynriew Hynñiewtrep ne Khasi – Jaiñtia ka dei kaba dang thaw shen bad kam long kaba nylla. Kumno kata ka lah ban long ?
Kawei ka khana shaphang ka jinglong kawei ka jaitbynriew Khasi ka mih na kita ki hynñiew tylli ki kynhun (kawei te ka la jah noh). Katkum kane ka khana la ong, ba ki don baroh khat hynriew trep bad kine ki hiar ki kiew na bneng sha khyndew ban rep ban riang. Ha kawei ka sngi ki hynñiew trep ki la wan hiar sha khyndew bad kim shym la lah shuh ban leit phai namar ba u dieng uba pun lynti hapdeng ka bneng bad ka khyndew u la dkut noh. Ïa kine ki hynñiewtrep kiba sah kut ha khyndew la jer ïa ki ki hynñiewtrep ki hynñiew skum bad la pynithuh ïa ki bad ki Khynriam, War, Bhoi, Jaiñtia, Maram, Lyngngam bad Diko (kiba la jah noh). Kane ka khana la shem nyng-kong eh ha ka jingthoh ha ka kot jong ka Rafy kaba kyrteng, “Folktales of the Khasis”, kaba la pynmih ha ka snem 1920. Ha shuwa ïa kane, ka khanatang shaphang u dieng uba pun lynti hapdeng ka bneng bad khyndew ka paw ha ka kot kaba kyrteng “The Khasis”, ba la thoh da u PRT Gurdon ha ka snem 1907. Kaba phylla ba ha kane ka kot ym shym la kdew shaphang kita ki Hynñiew skum.
Wat la ka thymmei jong kita ki hynñiew trep ym shym la thoh ha katei ka kot, hynrei kita ki kynhun kiba don jingïadei bad ki hynñiewtrep ki paw ha ka kot jong u Gurdon. Ki War kiba don ha ka bynta ba shathie ki paw kyrteng, kumjuh ruh ki Pnar/Synteng (Jaiñtia) na Jowai, ki Lyngngam kiba shong mar syndah bad ki Garo bad ki Bhoi ruh ki paw kyrteng. Ym shym la thoh shaphang ki Maram bad ki Khynriam namar la kheiñ ba ki dei ki Khasi bad la shem ba ki shong ha ki jaka phlang kum ha Sohra, Nongstoiñ, Maharam, Myrïaw, Nongkhlaw bad kiwei de ki Hima ba marjan. Kawei ka daw ba kiba na Jaiñtia kim sngewtynnat ban shah khot Khasi namar ki ong ba kane ka dei ka kyrteng jong ki Khynriam. Namarkata, la tyrwa ïa ka kyrteng Hynñiewtrep khnang ba kan kynthup lang ïa baroh katkum ka khanatang tynrai. Ha kajuh ka por pat u Gurdon ha ka kot jong u, u ban ba kine ki kynhun bapher ki pynlong kawei ka Jaidbynriew Khasi. U ong shuh shuh, kine ki kynhun bapher ki thew ia ki briew kiba shong shnong ha ki thaiñ bapher kylleng ka Ri Khasi bad kiba kren da ki ktien shnong bapher. Kine ki ktien shnong ki mih na kajuh ka thymmei bad ha kajuh ka por ki ïapher shibun na ka ktien pdeng haduh u pud ba don ki khep ba ym lah ban ïa-sngewthuh.
Ka khanatang shaphang ki hynñiew tylli ki kynhun ka paw ha ka kot jong ka Rafy, tangba kam shym paw ei ei ba kita ki ïadei bad ki Hynñiewtrep. Katba u Gurdon u kdew ïa kita ki Hynñiewtrep, ym ïa ka khanatang jong ka thymmei ka jaitbynriew khasi. Hato ka lah ban long ba ka khanatang shaphang ka thymmei jong ki Khasi bad ka jingïadei hapdeng ki hynñiewtrep ka dei ka khana kaba la thaw hapdeng ki khatlai tylli ki snem ba la pynmih ïa kine ki ar tylli ki Kot ? Mano ba la thaw ïa kine ki khana? Hato dei ki Khasi kiba la shemphang ïa ka synshar khadar bad ïa ka pyrthei ? Ne ki British kiba thaw ïa kane ka khanatang ? Lada dei ba ïa kane ka khanatang la thaw da ki trai ri, ka mut ba ki dei shisha kiba proh bad nep jingmut ha kaba pynwandur ïa ka khanatang kaba pynïa-snoh lang kawei ïa ki hynñiewtrep tang hadien ka jingïatyngkhuh bad ki phareng. Lada dei ka khanatang kaba la thaw da ki phareng, ka mut ba ki phareng ki thaw kynhun jaitbynriew thymmai da kaba lum lang ïa kita ki kynhun kiba la kdew da u Gurdon khlem pynïakhleh bad ki Garo. Ha ka jingshisha, U Major A. Playfair, uba long u Deputy Commissioner jong ka Eastern Bengal and Assam, u la thoh kawei ka kot shaphang ki Garo ha ka snem 1909. Hato ki phareng ki leh khnang ïa kane namar ba ki la tip lypa ba shi spah hadien kan sa don ka jingïatai ñia kaba jur ba ki Khasi bad ki Jaiñtia kim dei kawei ka jaitbynriew. Kumba ka long mynta ka long kaba kongsan ban ong ba ki dei kawei ka jaitbynriew. Ka paw ba ki phareng ki la ïohi lypa ïa ka por ka ban sa wan. Hato ka don da kawei pat ka jingbatai kaba kham shai ?
Naduh shuwa ka jingwan jong ki phareng ki Khasi (kynthup ïa ki Jaiñtia) ki sngewthuh shai ba ki dei kawei ka jaitbynriew. Ka don ha ki khanatang ba ki Khasi ki dei kawei ka jaitbynriew bad ki shong shnong ha ki thaiñ bapher kiba don mynta hapoh ka Jylla Meghalaya, khamtam ha ka bynta shaphang Mihngi. Nalor kane, ka jingïateh kur ka dei kawei kaba lah ban pynshisha ba ki Khasi ki long kawei ka jaitbynriew bad dang shen ki jingjurip jong ki ‘riew wad bniah ki shem ba ka long kaba shisha.
Ka ktien bad ki ktien tnat ba kren da ki Khasi ha ki thaiñ Khynriam, War, Bhoi, Pnar, Maram bad Lyngngam ki dei ki ktien kiba mih na kajuh ka thymmei jong ka ktien Mon-Khmer bad kim don jingïasnoh ei ei bad kiwei pat ki ktien kiba long shabar na ka jaitbynriew Khasi. Ka ktien kaba ïajan ka dei jong ki Munda kiba dei na ka thymmei jong ka longïing Austroasiatic. Ha ka jingwad bniah kaba dang shen la shem ba ki Khasi bad ki Munda ki don ka jingïadei snam. Kane ka jingïadei ka ktien ka thylliej bad jingïadei kur hapdeng ki kynhun bapher hapoh ka jaitbynriew Khasi la lah ban pynshisha.
Na ka dur ka dar, ka riam ka beit bad ki rukom im, ki Lyngngam ki kham paw ba ki ïajan bad ki Garo. U Gurdon u ong ba ka don ka jingïakhleh hapdeng ki Khasi bad ki Garo. Ha kajuh ka por pat la ong ba ki Lyngngam ki dei ki Khasi ym ki Garo. Ha ka jingwad bniah jong i Banrida T Langstieh la shem ba ki Lyngngam ki hiar pateng na kiwei pat ki kynhun hapoh ka jaitbynriew Khasi kiba na ka thaiñ Nongtrai. Haba shu kren kyllum, ki Lyngngam ki dei ka bynta jong ka jaitbynriew Khasi.
Ha kaba ïadei bad ki Bhoi, U Gurdon u ong ba ki dei ki Karbi, katba u Phillipe Ramirez pat ha ka kot kaba kyrteng, “People of the Margins : Across Ethnic Boundaries in North-East India”, u pynpaw ba ka don ka jingïadei kur. Ki don ki kur jong ki Bhoi bad ki Karbi kiba don ka jingïadei. Kane ka dei na ka daw ba ha ki por hyndai ka don ka jingïapoi kha poi man bad ka jingïakhleh hapdeng ki Karbi bad ki Khasi bad ha kajuh ka por ki bat ki pynneh ïa la ka thymmei ka jait ka khong khnang ban kiar na ka shong sang shong ma ha ki por kiba hadien. Ka lah ban long ba ki Khasi ki pdiang ia kane ka rukom bad ka long ka jingkyrkhu ba ka jaitbynriew Khasi ka nang heh nangbun paid. Kane ka myntoi ruh ha kiba bun ki liang bad ka nang pynkhlaiñ ïa ka jiatbynriew.
Ka paw ba ki jingthoh jong u Gurdon bad ka Rafy halor ka jinglong kawei jong ki Khasi ki long kiba shong nia. Ka jingshim nongrim na ki kot ne jingthoh jong ki nongwei ka ïarap ban ïoh ïa ka dur ka bym shah liang. Ñiuma ïa ki jingthoh jong ki nongwei hap ruh ban thew ban woh bad pynthikna na ki trai ri trai shnong. Ka jingthoh jong u H. H. Mohrmen shaphang ka Ïawchibidi, kaba dei ka Ïawbei tynrai jong ki kur Laloo, Pyrbot, Lamin (ha Jaiñtia Hills), ki Diengdoh, Parïong bad Syngngai ha (Khasi Hills) ka la nang ai jingshai shuh shuh. Kiwei kiba tip bha shaphang ka jingïadei kur hapdeng ki Khasi ki lah ban nang ai jingtip.
La ka long na ki jingthoh jong ki nongwei ne ki trai ri, ka la paw shai hi ba ki Khasi ki dei kawei ka jaitbynriew bad kane kam dei ka khana kaba la thaw dang shen ne tang ban pynbiang ïa ka synshar ka khadar. Hynrei ki trai shnong na ka thaiñ Jaiñtia Hilla pat ki sngew khoh-ñioh bad ki sngew ba ki shah iehnoh beiñ namar ba ka ktien pdeng ka dei ka ktien Sohra bad ki shim ba ka dei ka ktien Khynriam.Lehse kan long kumjuh lada ka Sorkar Phareng ka la thaw ïa ka headquarter ha Jowai, ka ktien shnong Jowai kan jin da la long ka ktien pdeng bad ba ïa ka Anthem yn jin da la rwai ha ka ktien shnong Jowai. Ha kata por kiwei pat ki thaiñ kin sngew ba ki shah iehnoh beiñ.
Marwei shimet nga shem ba kane ka jingpharia ka buh jingma ïa ka lawei jong ka jaitbynriew bad kan ktah shibun ïa ka jinglong kawei. Ki kynhun kiba pynlong ïa ka jaitbynriew Kuki-Chin ki long kawei ka jaitbynriew ha ka ktien bad ka kolshor. Hynrei ka la ju khie ka jingïaumsnam hapdeng jong ki kumba lai phew snem mynshuwa. Kane ka la jia hapdeng ki Naga ruh kumjuh. Ka lah ban long ba mynta kam don ei ei, hynrei lada ngi ailad ka jingïakynad bad jingïa jngai kan mih. Dang shen u Kariya Munda, u Shongknor barim ka Lok Sabha u ong, ba ki tribal kiba la kylla niam Khristan ne Islam kim don hok shuh ban ïoh ïa ki jingmyntoi jong ki kum ki tribal. Kane ka dei ka jingpyrshang ban pynïapher bad phiah ïa ka jaitbynriew. Hooid, kum kine ki mih na ki briew kiba khim bad jyndong ka jingmut jingpyrkhat. Ki bym sngewthuh ïa ka jingmut bad ïa ka tynrai jong ka jinglong jaitbynriew.
Ki Khasi ki dei kawei ka jaitbynriew kiba don ka jingïadei hapdeng jong ki na ka liang ka snam ka ksuid, ka ktien bad ka kolshor. Ym lah ban len ba ka don ka jingïapher ha ki jaka ne ki thaiñ ba ki shong ki sah, ki ktien tnat bad kiwei. Kane ka la pynkha ïa ka jingsngew ïapher jaitbynriew. Kane ka don ha kiwei pat ki jaitbynriew kylleng ka pyrthei bad ki Khasi ka kynthup ruh ïa kiwei ki kynhun kiba la ïakhleh lang bad ki Khasi, kum ki Garo, ki Karbi bad ki Dkhar ruh kumjuh. Ki la don shibun ki jait kiba la tang na ka daw ka jingshongkha bad ki kynthei dkhar. Kane ka la nang pynroi bad pynriewspah ïa ka jaitbynriew. Ki Khasi ki la tip thuh ïa ka jinglong kawei ka jaitbynriew naduh hyndai kulong kumah lyngba ki khanatang ba la ïathuh pateng. Kine ki khanatang bad ki jingïadei kur ki pyndam ia ka jingsngew ïapher bad ka jingpharai kaba mih na ka jingpynbiang ïa ka rukom synshar. Kumta ngim dei ban sngew khohñioh haba ka ktien shnong kam ïoh jaka ha ka Anthem bad ban sngew noh ba ngi ïapher jaitbynriew namar kane kan pynkha bad pynmih ïa ka jingpait jingpra kaba shyrkhei. Ka jaitbynriew kaba long kawei naduh ki por kiba mynshuwa kam dei ban ailad ban pynpait pynpra ne pharia ïa ka da ki bor kiba napoh ne kiba nabar.
(Kane ka jingthoh ka dei ka jingsngew jong nga shimet bad kam don jingïadei ei ei bad ka jaka trei ne kano kano ka kynhun).
