Hato Ka State Anthem Ka Leh Klet Ïa Ka History Jong Ka Jaiñtia?

Bhogtoram Mawroh

Ka jingïatai halor ka State Anthem kan ym jah shen bad ngi la sakhi ïa ki jingïapynphai ñia ïa ki jingthoh jong nga ruh lyngba ki kot khubor bad nga pdiang snewgbha ïa ki ñia kiba kiwei pat ki nongthoh ki pynphai. Kumta sa shisien pat nga shim ïa ka kabu ban sam shuh shuh ïa ki jingtip shaphang ka jaidbynriew Khasi (kaba kynthup ïa kiba shong ba sah ha Jaiñtia) bad nga pashat ruh ïa ki jingpyrkhat jong nga.Barabor nga ju ïasam ïa ki jingtip kiba nga pule ha ki jingthoh jong nga namar nga sngew ba ki nongpule kim dei tang ban shu ngeit ïa nga, hynrei ki dei ruh ban pule ïa kiwei ki kot khnang ba kin lah ban shemphang hi halor ki mat ba la ïakren paidbah. Ki don ki kot ki bym don shuh ha ïew ha hat, kumta ka long kaba eh bad la shu shaniah ha ki jingïathuh jong kiwei, hynrei ha kane ka juk lah ban ïoh shibun ki kot bad jingtip lyngba ka internet. Te lada don kiba kren ne khana khlem da kdew ïa ki kot ba ki pule ne ïoh jingtip ka mut ki dei kiba jaipdeh. Kumta wat ju shaniah kulmar, sngewbha thwet hi ha ki par jingtip bad sa pynshong ñia hi da lade.

Mynta to ngin ïapeit ïa ki jingthoh pyrshah ïa ka jingthoh jong nga, kawei kaba mih na U Omarlin Kyndiah, ha kaba u la ong ba kyndit kynsan ki la mih ki riewshemphang halor ka Jaiñtia History kiba pynshong ñia bad shim ba ki jingthoh jong ki nongwei, kum u Gurdon bad ka Rafy, ki long ki jingthoh kiba shisha. U la bynrap shuh shuh ba ka bor bad jingthoh jong ki nongwei ka dang khlaiñ haduh mynta bad ba kine ki jingthoh kiba mih mynta ki kwah ban pyndam noh syndon ïa ka Jaiñtia History. Hangne ki don ar bynta, kawei ka long shaphang ki par jingtip bad kaba ar ka dei ka jingleh klet ïa ka Jaiñtia History. To ngin ïathir shuwa ïa kaba nyngkong-

Ka jingpynshong ñia halor ki kot ba la thoh da ki nongwei, ka long na ka daw ba ki dei ma ki kiba nyngkong kiba buh ha ki jingthoh ïa ki jingtip shaphang ki Khasi, lait nangta ngi la hap ban shaniah ha ki khana ktien kiba ïathuhkhana pateng la pateng. Kine ki khana ktien ki long kiba kordor bad ki ai ïa ki jingtip bad ka dur ka dar ïa ka jinglong jingman ka imlang sahlang hyndai. Hoid ki don ruh kita ki jing-thoh kiba la tip kum ki Jayantia Buranji bad ngan sa ïatai kham hadien ha kane ka jingthoh. Ym lah ban len ba ki khanatang kiba la don ha ka jingthoh jong ki nong-thoh kum ka Rafy ki pashat jingmut ïa ka pyrkhat pyrdaiñ bad ka dei riti ki Khasi. Kane kam mut pat ba ngin shu ngeit kat kaba kine ki nongthoh ki thoh ne ong, khlem da thwet bniah shuh shuh. Lada ngi pule bniah ngin shem ïa ki jingkynthoh ibeiñ jong ki nongthoh kum u Gurdon uba la kynthoh beiñ ïa ki Khasi ki bym don ha ka Balang Khristan. Hato ngi lah pat ban ong ba ki jingthoh baroh ki long kiba bakla ? Ngam shem ba ka long kaba bakla bad ha ka jingshisha ka jingshem jong u halor ki Lyngngam bad ki Bhoi ka la ai jingmut shibun ha kaba u la kdew ba ki Jaidbynriew Paluang kiba im mynta ha ka Ri Myanmar ki don ka jingïadei bad ki Khasi ha ka ktien ka thylliej. ïa kane la nang pynshisha shuh shuh da ki riew wad bniah jong kane ka spah snem, kum i Kong Banrida T Langstieh iba la pynmih ïa ka jingthoh jong i halor ka thymmei jong ki Lyngngam ha ka snem 2012. Nangta u Phillipe Ramirez uba la pynmih ia ka kot kaba kyrteng, “People of the Margins” ha ka snem 2014 bad ki jingthoh jong u K.S Nagaraja, Paul Sidwell bad Simon Greenhill kiba la thoh bniah shaphang, “A Lexicostatistical Study of the Khasian Languages : Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam and War”(2013). Katba ka kot jong ka Rafy ka dei ka kot jong ki khana puriskam, hynrei ban kynnoh ne  kyntait ba ki long ki khana ba la thaw dur hi da ka nongthoh ka long ka bym shong ñia bad ngan ym leh kumta. Kiba bun ki nongthoh kiba la pyrshang ban kyntait ïa kine ki kot ne jingthoh jong ki nongwei, kim shym la lah ban pynshong nongrim ïa ki jingthoh ne ki ñia jong ki ha ki jingshisha.

Ka jingkynthoh kaba ar ka long, ka jingleh klet halor ka Jaiñtia History. Hynrei ngam ïohi ba kane kan don ka jingïasnoh bad ka Anthem. Ïa ka Anthem la pynshong nongrim ha ka Official Language Act 2005 bad ba la ithuh ïa ki lai tylli ki ktien English, Garo bad Khasi (Ktien shnong Sohra) kum ki ktien Sorkar. Ka ktien shnong ha Pnar ka dei kawei na ki ktien ba la pyndonkam da ki briew kiba shong shnong ha thaiñ Pnar, hynrei na kino ma ki daw ym shym la pynrung ïa kane ka ktien shnong kum ka ktien pdeng jong ki Khasi. La shim bad pyndonkam ïa ka ktien shnong Sohra kum ka ktien pdeng jong ki Khasi bad mynta la dawa ruh ban pynrung ïa kane ka ktien Khasi ha ka 8th Schedule jong ka Constitution. Kumta ka Anthem kam shym leh klet ïa ka History bad kan long ka jingleh bakla kaba khraw lada pynrung ïa ka ktien shnong ba kren ha Pnar bad khlem kynthup lang ïa kiwei pat ki ktien shnong kiba pyndonkam ha kiwei pat ki thaiñ jong ka Ri, kiba la kham rim bad kham slem ha kine ki Lum Khasi.

Ym lah khlem da pyrto ïa u Bah H.H Mohrmen uba la thoh bad sam jingtip sha ki paidbah halor ka Jaiñtia History. Ka article kaba dang shu mih shen kaba la ai kyrteng, “Jaintia is Not Just an Idea” ka dei ka jingnoh synñiang jong u ha kane ka bynta, hynrei ban pynïasoh ïa kane bad ka Anthem pat nga sngew ka long kaba bakla. Kumta u la kynthoh ba ka jingïatai kam dei halor ka ktien, hynrei ka history bad ka jingsarong jong ki nongshong shnong jong kawei ka Hima kiba dei hi na ka thymmei jong ki jaitbynriew Austro-Asiatic. Hooid, ha thaiñ Pnar ka don kawei ka Hima kaba khraw kaba u pud jong ka u jrong shaduh sha Jaintiapur, kaba hap mynta hapoh ka Ri Bangladesh. Kane ka Hima ka la pynmih la ka jong ka pisa bad ka la long shisha ka Hima kaba la kiew shaphrang ha la liang ka synshar khadar. Kiba bun ki jingtip shaphang kane ka Hima ki don ha ka thup kaba la nam ka “Jayantia Buranji”, kaba thoh shaphang ka jingïadei hapdeng ki Syiem Ahom bad ka Hima Jaintia. La lah ban pynkylla sha ka ktien English ïa ka Jayantia Buranji ha ka snem 2022.

Kane ka kot ka sdang da ka jingïathuh khana shaphang ka jingïashun hapdeng kita ki Jaiñtia bad ki Kachari, kaba kynthup ruh ïa ka jingpynïap ïa kita ki Jaiñtia (ba la khot ruh Garo) da ka jingshet kylla ki Kachari. Ki don sa kiwei ki khana kiba ïasyriem bad kita ki dei ka jingpynïap ïa ki Mughal. Shuh shuh kine ki juh ki khana phin ïohsngew ha Bhoirymbong ba ka don ka jingpynïap ïa ki nongshun da kaba leh mynleh kum ba ïadei paralok, pynban sa shet kylla pat hadien. Kine ki khana ki jyllei bad ki don kylleng. Ka jingïadei hapdeng ki Ahom bad Jaiñtia ka sdang naduh ka por ba synshar u Swargadeo Pratap Singha (Swarga ka mut ka bneng bad Deo ka mut u Blei) bad uba long Syiem ïa ka Hima Jaintia ha kata ka por u dei u Jasamanik. Kine baroh ar tylli ki Hima ki dei ki Hima kiba laitluid. La ïathuh ruh ba ka don ka thma hapdeng u Syiem Ahom, u Swargadeo Rudra Singha bad u Syiem Jaintia, u Ram Singha bad ba u Syiem Jaiñtia u la shah jop bad shah kem kum u koidi. U Ram Singha u la khlad noh ha shuwa ban pynlait bad pynphai biang ïa u sha la ka Hima. Ka thma ka ïai bteng bad ki Syiem Ahom ki la maham ïa ki Syiem Jaintia ba kim dei shuh ban pynmih jingkulmar, pynban ki jingïaleh thma ki ïai jia haduh ka por jong u Syiem Swargadeo Siva Singha. Haba pule bniah yn shem ba ha ka Jayantiya Buranji la thoh tang halor ka synshar khadar bad ka jingïadei ne jingïakhun thma hapdeng ki Syiem Ahom bad ki Syiem Hima Jaintia. Ha ka Jayantia Buranji ym shem ei ei shaphang ka thymmei jong ki Jaiñtia bad namar kata ka daw ngi hap ban pynshong nongrim ha kiwei pat ki jingthoh bad ki nongthoh kiba dei na shabar, kum ki phareng bad kiwei kiba la thoh shaphang ka thymmei ki Khasi ha kito ki spah snem kiba la leit noh. Ka don tang kawei ka jingthoh kaba la paw ruh ha ka jingthoh jong ki phareng bad kata ka dei ka thymmei jong ka kyntien Jaintia kaba la batai ba ka mih na ka kyrteng jong ka Jayantia Devi.

Ha ka Jayantia Buranji la batai ba ka Jayanti Devi ka dei ka khun jong u Syiem Jayantarai, uba long u Syiem Brahmin jong ka Jayantiya.Ka la shongkurim ïa u Landhabar, uba dei u khun jong uwei u lyngdoh niam. Une u Landhabar u la shah tim ha ka Blei Bhadrakali bad kumta u la shah beh noh na ka tnga jong u. Kham hadien hapdeng ka jingsngewsih ka Jayanti Devi ka la duwai ha ka Blei Mahamaya kaba la hukum ïa ka ba kan leit sum ha kawei ka wah. Katba ka dang sum ka syrngiew jong ka ka la shah bam ha kawei ka dohkha bad hadien pat ïa kane ka dohkha la ïoh khwai da u Landhabar bad u la wanrah sha ïing ïa ka dohkha ban ïabam sngewbha. Ki sngi ki la nangïaid, u Landhabar u la lyngngoh ban shem ba haba um don ha ïing bad ynda u wan phai na ki kam ki jam, ki kam ïing baroh naduh ka lum ka lang, ka sar ka pynkhuid bad ka shet ka tiew la dep ban leh. Ha kawei ka sngi u shem ba ka don kawei ka thei lud kaba mih na ka dohkha kaba trei ïa kita ki kam ïing. Kumta u la shongkurim noh ïa ka bad la kha ïa u khun uba kyrteng u Borgohain, uba hadien la thung ïa u kum u Syiem jong ka Jayantipur da ka Jayanti Devi. Ha ka kot jong u P.R T Gurdon, kaba kyrteng The Khasi, ka don ka khana kaba ïasyriem bad kaba ïadei bad ka thymmei jong ki Syiem ka Hima Sutnga bad ka Hima Sutnga, kaba la ju tip ruh kum ka Hima Jaiñtia. Kane ka Khana ka dei shaphang u Loh Ryndi bad ka Li Dohkha, kiba long u thawlang bad ïawbei jong ka ïing long syiem ka Hima Sutnga.

Kane ka khana ka long kumne- la don uwei u briew  na Umwi ne Amwi uba kyrteng u Loh Ryndi uba ju smat ban leit khwai dohkha. Ha kawei ka por u la khwai ïa kawei ka dohkha bad ynda u la wan phai sha ïing u la pynkhuid bad hadien ba u la dep syang u la buh halor ka tyngier bad um shym la kynmaw ban bam ïa ka. Ha kawei ka step katba u dang mih ban ïaid sha kper bad ynda u la wanphai u shem ba ka ïing ka sem ka la khuid bad ka ja ka jingtah ka la ih. Kane ka la bteng ban jia bun sngi. Ha kawei ka sngi u la buh rieh ïalade hapoh kut ban shem mano ba leh ïa kita ki kam ïing baroh, pynban u la shem ia kawei ka thei lud kaba kam ïalade ba ka dei ka Li Dohkha kaba la leh ia ki kam ïing baroh. Kumta ki sngi ki ïaid bad ka Li Dohkha ka la mih noh nangta bad ka la leit ban shong shapoh ka wah kaba kyrteng ka Umwai Khyrwi kaba don ha ka shnong kaba ki khot ka Suhtnga (Sutnga). U Loh Ryndi bad ka Li Dohkha ki la shongkurim bad ki la ïoh khun bad ki la leit phai sha ka wah Umwai Khyrwi. Kumta lah ban ïohi ïa ka jingïasyriem jong kitei ki ar tylli ki khana shaphang ka dohkha kaba kylla kynthei briew, kaba shongkurim bad pynkha ïa ki Hima bad ki Syiem jong ki Hima. Ka paw ba ka khana shaphang ki Syiem ka Hima Sutnga ka dei kaba la kham rim, hynrei kane ka khana ka la kylla rong hadien ba la ïakhleh lang bad kiwei pat ki khana jong ki Syiem Hindu ha ki por kiba ha-dien ynda ka Hima Sutnga ka la ïar u pud u sam shaduh ki them jong ka Ri Dkhar (mynta Bangladesh). Kam long kaba phylla namar la sakhi lyngba ka History ba kumno ki Syiem Sutnga ki kylla long niam Hindu bad pynïasnoh ïalade bad kiwei pat ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba dei na ka thymmei Indo-Aryan, kaba dei ka kynhun kaba wan na ka pdeng jong ka dewbah Asia bad kiba la wanrah ïa ki dei riti ka niam Hindu kumba 3500 snem mynshwua. Ka jingpyrshang ban pynkylla Hindu ka ïai bteng naduh ki spah snem kiba la leit noh bad ïa kane ngi shem ruh ha ka Jayantia Buranji ha kaba ïa u khun jong u Landhabar bad ka thei lud kaba mih na ka dohkha, ki ai kyrteng da u Borgohain. Ka kyntien Borgohain ka dei kawei na ki jait jong ki Ahom bad ka dei ka nam ba la ai ïa ki Nongsynshar ne Nongpyniaid kam. Ngam tharai ban don kiba pdiang ba ki Jaintia ki mih na ki Ahom. Ha kajuh ka por  ka la don ka jingpyrshang ban pynkylla khana niam Hindu ia ka jingïathuh khana shaphang ka Jayanti Devi. Haba kumta ki Pnar/Jaiñtia ki dei kiei bad kaei ka thymmei jong ki?

Na ka khana shaphang u Loh Ryndi bad ka Li Dohkha, lah ban long ba ki Pnar ki dei kiba na Amwi. Lah ban shem ba ha ka jingwad bniah jong u K.S Nagaraja, Paul Sidwell bad Simon Greenhill halor ki ktien tnat Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam bad War, kaba la pynmih ha ka kyrteng, “A Lexicostatistical Study of Khasian Languages, ha ka snem 2013 ka kyrshan ïa kane ka phang. Kane ka jingshem jong kine ki riew wad bniah, ka pynksan nia ruh halor ka jingïadei bad jinglong kawei jong ki ktien tnat ne ktien Khasi. Kine ki jingshem ki pynpaw ba kine ki ktien tnat ki mih na kajuh ka thymmei. Ka ktien tnat Pnar bad ka ktien pdeng Khasi ka ïajan bha, katba ki ktien tnat Lamin bad Lyngngam ki ia jngai kawei na kawei pat. Ha ka jingwad bniah la nang lap shuh shuh ba ki ktien ne ktien tnat kiba la kham rim ki ïajan bad ka ktien ba kren da ki jaitbynriew Palaung kiba dei na ka thymmei Austroasiatic. Katkum ka jingwad bniah, ki Khasi ki dei kiba pait pnat na ki Palaung kumba 4000 snem mynshuwa bad hadpdeng ki Khasi, ki War ki pait pnat kumba 2000 snem mynshuwa bad ki Pnar pat 600 snem mynshuwa. Namar ba ka jingpait pnat jong ki Pnar ka long kaba dang shen, kumta ka jingasyriem ki ktien, ki kyntien ka dang ïajan bha. Ki jingwad bniah ki kdew ruh ba ka ktien tnat Lamin ka long ka ktien kaba la rim tam bad kaba ïajan bha bad ka ktien ba kren ki Palaung. Kumta to ngin pyrshang ban tei pat ne pynwandur ïa ka thymmei jong ki Khasi, kaba kynthup ïa ki Pnar bad kiwei, halor kine ki jingshem bad jingtip bathymmai.

Halor ka nongrim jong ki jingshem jong u Zhang, u Arunkumar bad kiwei, kiba la pynmih ruh ïa ki jingshem jong ki ha ki paper ba la ai kyrteng, ‘Y-chromosome diversity suggests southern origin and Paleolithic back-wave migration of Austro-Asiatic speakers from eastern Asia to the Indian subcontinent”, bad ‘A late Neolithic expansion of Y chromosomal haplogroup O2a1-M95 from east to west’, lah ban ong ba ki Khasi ki la poi ha kane ka dewbah hapdeng 10,000 bad 6000 snem mynshuwa. Ki ktien ba kine ki kynhun ki kren ki ïasyriem bha bad ka ktien tnat Lamin. Kiwei ki kynhun ruh ki sdang ban buhai shnong kylleng ki jaka bad ka ktien War ka dei ka kyrteng jong ka thaiñ kaba don ha ki rashing jong ka bynta ba shathie jong ka Jylla Meghalaya mynta. Katba u Phillipe Ramirez pat u nam ïa ka thaiñ Bhoi, ka shnong jong ki briew kiba shong ha ki khappud. Ha ka jingïaid jong ka por, ki kur ki la nang mih bad la nang pynlong ia ki Hima. Ka Hima Sutnga ka dei kawei na ki bad la thaw ia ka da ki Amwi. Ka lah ban long ba ha kum kane ka por la pyndonkam sa ka kyntien Pnar. U Bah Mohrmen, lyngba ka jingthoh u ai jingtip ba ka ktien Pnar ka mih na ka ktien pakka nar lane ka nar kaba nylla. Ka long ruh kaba sngewtynnad ban tip ba la thoh ha ka Jayatia Buranji ba ka ju don ka jingïakylliang ïa ka nar bad ki sohmynken hapdeng ki Syiem Jaintia bad Ahom. Ki nongthoh kum u Pawel Prokop bad Ireneusz Suliga, ki batai ba ki Khasi ki la tip ban saiñ nar naduh 2000 snem mynshuwa. Ha ka kot kaba la ai kyrteng, Secret Lands Where Women Reign, ba la thoh da Gabriel Betrand bad pynmih ha ka snem 1958, la ïathuh ba ki Garo bad ki Naga ki sheptieng ïa kita ki jaitbynriew kiba shong ha ki lum bad kiba lah ban pynmih ding na bneng ban saiñ nar. Kane ka thew ia ki Khasi kiba ju leit hiar thma bad ring mraw ïa ki briew na kylleng ki jaka bad pyntrei dap ïa ki ha kaba tei bad pynïeng ïa ki mawbynna. Kumta ka kyntien Pnar ka mih na ka saiñ nar bad ha ka jingtyllun ka por ka Hima Sutnga ka la nang ïar hadien ba ki Syiem jong ka ki la jop thma bad pynïasoh ïa ka Ri Dkhar. Dei ha kum kata ka por ba la pyrshang ban pynïasnoh ïa ki Syiem ka Hima Sutnga bad ki khanatang ka niam Hindu. La thaw ïa ka khanatang shaphang ka Jayantia Devi da kaba shim kylliang na ka khanatang shaphang u Loh Ryndi bad ka Li Dohkha. Ha kane ka dur ki khun ki hajar ka Hima Sutnga, kiba la ju khot ruh kum ki Pnar, ki la kylla long ruh ki Jaintia. Ha ka jingshisha ki dei ki Amwi bad baroh ki Khasi ki dei kiba hiar pateng na ki Amwi.

Ka Anthem jong ka Jylla kam shym la leh klet ïa ka Jaintia History namar la pynshong nongrim ïa ka ha ki lai tylli ki ktien kiba la ithuh da ka Aiñ bad ka ktien tnat Sohra ka dei kawei na kita. Niuma, ha ka dustur Khasi ba ka khatduh ka ïoh ïa ka jaka ba kyrpang ha ka imlang sahlang, kumta ka ktien ruh bad ka ktien shnong kaba mih khatduh napdeng ki ktien kan ïoh ban long ka ktien pdeng jong ka jaitbynriew. Ka Jaintia History ka long kaba ktik jingmut kumba long ki khanatang jong kiwei ruh ki kynhun ne ki thaiñ kiba pynlong ïa ka jaitbynriew Khasi. Ban klet ïa kine ki khana ne histori ka long ka bym dei bad ka pynpaw ïa ka jinglong ba kyreit. Lada don ka jingpynkylla ha ka Anthem, dei ban pynkylla shuwa ïa ka Meghalaya State Language Act 2005 bad dei ban pynduh noh ïa ktien tnat Sohra kum ka ktien pdeng bad ban bujli da ka ktien tnat Lamin, kaba long ka ktien kaba la rim tam napdeng ki ktien tnat kiba hap ha ka thup ka ktien Khasi. Ka kot Lamin War-English Dictionary jong u Mankular Gashnga kan ïarap bad ai jingshai shuh shuh halor kane ka phang. Kumta ngi dei ban pynlong noh ïa ka ktien tnat Lamin kum ka ktien pdeng bad ïa ka kynhun Khasi ruh dei ban khot noh War. Lada ngi kwah ban phai biang sha ka mynnor bad thymmei, ngi dei ban leh da ka rukom kaba dei bad kaba snah halor ki nongrim bad ki jingtip kiba bniah, ym ban shu leh mata madei. Ha kane ka rukom ngi lah ban tei shisha ïa ka ri bad jaitbynriew bad ban saiñ dur janai ïa ka Anthem.

(Kane ka jingthoh ka dei ka jingsngew jong u nongthoh shimet bad kam don jingïadei badno badno ruh)