Bhogtoram Mawroh
ïa nga ka jingïatai halor ka jinglong nongwei jong ka niam Hindu ka mih na ka daw ka jingkren jong u Shongknor ba rim ka Loksabha, u Kariya Munda ha kaba u la ong, ba ki tribal jong ka Ri India kiba la kylla sha ka niam Islam bad Khristan kim don hok shuh ban ïoh ïa ki bhah kyrpang. Ka daw ka long ba ki niam Islam bad Khristan ki dei ki niam nongwei ha kane ka dewbah India bad kumta kito kiba la pdiang ïa kine ki niam kim dei shuh ban ïoh ïa ki hok jong ki. Kane ka jingkren jong u Shongknor ba rim ka Lok Sabha ka long ka jingkren pyrshah ïa Khristan ha Ri India bad khamtam eh ïa trai shnong jong ka Jylla Meghalaya. Kumta lyngba ki jingthoh nga kwah ban pynpaw ba ka niam Hindu ruh ka dei ka niam nongwei bad nga kwah ban bteng ïa ka jingïatai halor ki nongrim bad ki jingshisha. Nga la lum shibun ki jingtip bad nga kwah ban ïasam lang sha ki nongpule bad phi dei ban kynmaw ba ngam don jingthmu ei ei ban peit poh ïa kano kano ka niam ne jingngeit bad ngan wanrah ia ka jingïatai halor ki jingtip bad ki jingshem kiba shongñia.
Ha ka jingsngewthuh jong nga, don lai tylli ki mat haba ngi ïakren ïa ka niam Hindu. Kawei ka ktien Sanskrit, kaba la tip ruh kum ka ktien jong ka kynhun jaitbynriew Indo-Erupean, kaba ar, ki jingthoh Veda ki jingthoh bakhuid jong ka niam Hindu ha India bad kaba lai, ka Varna system kaba ngi tip kum ka Caste system ne ka jingkheiñ jait ba khraw bad jait ba poh hapdeng ki Hindu. To ngin ïa peit bniah ïa kine ki lai tylli ki mat bad phai sha kiwei pat ki kynhun kiba don sha bar jong ka dewbah India. Khlem artatien ngin shem ïa ki jingïasyriem bad lah ban ong ba kitei ki mat baroh lai tylli ki mih na ki tyllong kiba don ha ka thaiñ shaphang shatei jong ki duriaw Black sea bad Caspain sea ne ki Ri kiba ngi tip mynta kum ka Ukraine bad ka pyntha bah jong ka Pontic-Caspian. Ha kaba ïadei bad kane, u riewstad anthropologist, u David W. Anthony u la sei ki ñia kiba khlaiñ ha ka kot jong u kaba kyrteng, The Horse, the Wheel and language (2007), ban pynshisha ïa ki jingshem jong ki jingwad bniah halor kane ka phang. Bad u dei uwei na ki 94 ngut ki nong-thoh uba la pynmih ïa ka jingthoh halor ka tynrai ne ka genetic origin jong ki jaitbynriew Indo-European bad ha ka kot jong u, u la ïatai halor ki ktien jong ki jaitbynriew Indo-European bad ki ktien tnat jong ki.
Da kaba pynshong nongrim halor ki jingwad bniah, lah ban ong ba ka ktien tynrai jong ki jaitbynriew Indo-European ka dei ka ktien kaba la pyndonkam naduh shuwa ka snem 4000 Shuwa u Khrist ne BCE bad mynta ki dang pynneh pynsah ïa ka ha ki bynta jong ka Ri Turkey. Nangta ka don sa kawei ka ktien kaba la kham rim hapdeng ki jaitbynriew Indo-European kiba ki briew ki pyndonkam hapdeng ki snem 4000 bad 3500 BCE bad kane ka ktien ka dang sah bad neh mynta ha ki bynta shatei lam sepngi ka Ri China. Nangta bud sa ki ktien Italic bad Celtic kiba sdang mih pyrthei ha ki snem 3500 bad 3000 BCE, ki Pre Germanic ha ki snem 3300 BCE, ki Pre-Greek ha ki snem 2500 BCE, Pre Baltic ha ki snem 2500 BCE. Kaba khatduh kaba pait na katei ka ktien tynrai jong ki jaitbynriew Indo-European ka dei ka ktien Indo-Iranian, kaba mut ka ktien Sanskrit tynrai kaba la thaw bad san na ki thup ktien kiba don ha ka thaiñ shatei lam mihngi bad kaba ki kren hapdeng ki snem 2500 bad 2200 BCE. Kane ka mut ba ka ktien Sanskrit ka dei kaba khatduh ban mih na ka ktien tynrai jong ki jaitbynriew Indo-European naduh 4500 ne 4200 snem mynshuwa. Wat la katta ruh ha ka por ba ka ktien Sanskrit ka mih pyrthei ka shim por ban poi sha ka dewbah Asia bad kata ka jia tang hadien ka 2000 BCE ha ka por ba ka kynhun bynriew kaba la tip kum ka Indo-Aryan kaba pait na ka kynhun jaitbynriew Indo-European ki wan buhai shnong ha ka dewbah Asia.
Kumta, ka history shaphang ka ktien Sanskrit ka long kumba 3000 snem naduh ba ka la suhthied ha ka dewbah India. Hynrei dei tat hadien ba ka la dap 1000 snem ei ei ba la pyndonkam ïa ka kum ka ktien thoh. Da ki hajar snem ka ktien Sanskrit ka dei dang ka ktien kren bad ka Rig Veda, kaba long kaba nyngkong eh na ki saw tylli ki Veda, ka dei ka thup jinghikai ne ktien bakhuid kaba la shu ïathuhkhana ktien pateng la pateng ha ki thaiñ Punjab ha ki bynta kiba shaphang shatei lam sepngi jong ka India bad Pakistan hapdeng ki snem 1500 bad 1300 BCE. Katba u riewwad bniah ba paw nam, u Wendy Doniger u batai ba ka ktien Sankrit ka mih pyrthei hapdeng ki snem 1500 bad 1000 BCE bad shuwa ïa kata lah ruh ban shem ïa ka ktien Sanskrit ha kiwei pat ki bynta jong ka pyrthei, kum ha ki bynta ba shatei jong ka Ri Syria.
Kane ka la jia ha ka por ka jingsynshar jong ka ïing long syiem kaba la tip kum ka Mitanni Dynasty kaba la synshar ïa ka bynta ba shatei jong ka Ri Syria hapdeng ki snem 1500 bad 1350 BCE. Ha ka snem 1350, u Syiem Kurtiwaza u la jer ïa ki saw ngut ki Blei ki ban sakhi ïa ka jingïateh soskular jong bad ki Syiem jong ka kynhun Hittite. Lai ngut na kita ki Blei ki long u Indra, Varuna bad ki Nasatyas, kiba dei ki synrap bad kine ki Blei ki dei ki Blei kiba kongsan kiba la thoh ha ka Rig Veda. Don kumba 250 tylli ki jingrwai ha ka Rig Veda kiba kren shaphang u Blei Indra bad lah ban pynisyriem ïa U bad ki Blei Thor bad Zeus jong ki Greek hyndai. Kane ka pynpaw ba wat la ïa ka Rig Veda la thoh ha ka dewbah India hynrei ki tyllong bad ki khana niam kiba ka ïathuh ki kyrsoi na ka niam tynrai kaba la mih pyrthei ha ki pyntha jong ka Eurasian kaba dei ka shnong trai jong ka. Ha ka jingtyllun ki snem bad lyngba ki spah snem ka kynhun jaitbynriew Indo-European ka rah ïa kine ki khana niam bad kiwei sha kylleng ki jaka ba ki leit ban buhai shnong shaphang Sepngi, Mihngi bad shaphang Shathie.
Katkum u Georges Dumeziel, uba long u riewstad uba wad bniah shaphang ki niam tynrai, ki ktien tynrai bad ki khana niam jong ki jaitbynriew bapher, u la ong ba ki jaitbynriew Indo-European ki phiah ïa ka imlang sahlang ha ki lai tylli ki kyrdan, kawei ka kynhun jong ki riewniam lane ki nongshat nongkheiñ, kaba ar ka kynhun jong ki nongïaleh thma bad kaba lai ka kynhun ki nongrep. Kine kynhun ne kyrdan ki don la ki jong ki rong jong ki jaiñ ba ki kup ne phong. Ka kynhun ki nongshat nongkheiñ ki ju kup da ka rong lieh, ki riewthma da ka rong saw bad ki nongrep da ka rong ïong ne rong suiñ bneng. U Alf Hiltebetiel, ha ka kot jong u kaba kyrteng Dharma : Its Early History in Law, Religion and Narrative, u ïathuh ba u Bhrigu uba dei u stad pukir uba khraw jong ka niam Hindu, u la ïathuh ha ka Mahabharata shaphang ki rong kiba ki kyrdan briew ki riam- ka rong lieh ka dei kaba kup da ki Brahmin, ka rong saw ka dei jong ki Ksatriyas, ka rong stem ka dei jong ki Vaisyas bad ki Sudra ne ki jait poh ki phong da ka rong ïong. Kane ka pynpaw shai ba kata ka Varna system ne ka dustur phiah kyrdan ha ka imlang sahlang kaba la tip mynta kum ka caste system ne ki jait ba khraw bad ki jait ba poh ka dei kaba la shu shim kylliang ne wanrah da ka kynhun jaitbynriew Indo-European na shabar ka dewbah India bad kam dei kaba la don lypa ha kane ka dewbah.
Lada ngi weng noh ïa ki lai tylli ki pasoh kiba kongsan jong ka niam vedic Hindu, kata ka ktien Sanskrit, ka Veda bad ka Varna na ka niam Hindu ngin ïoh pat ïa kata ka niam Hindu tynrai kaba la kha na kane hi ka dewbah India bad kaba ki riewstad ki khot ne nam ki niam jong ki trai ri trai muluk ne ki tribal religion. Ha ka jingtyllun ka por, ka niam Vedic Hindu ka la shim kylliang ïa ki katto katne ki rukom leh niam na kine ki niam tynrai. Lada don kiba kwah ban tip kham bniah shaphang kane ki lah ban peit ïa ka documentary ha ka youtube kaba kyrten Indians : A Brief History of Civilization. Kine ki jingtip ba kongsan ki kdew shai ba ka niam Hindu hi ka dei kaba wan na shabar ka dewbah India bad ka shnong tynrai jong ne la kha ïa ka ha ka shnong jong ki jaitbynriew Indo-Aryan bad ha ki pyntha Eurasian.
Katba ngi dang ïakren shaphang ka jinglong nongwei jong ka niam Vedic Hindu, ki don kiwei pat ki riewstad kiba la wad bniah shaphang ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba trei rep bad kiba krih sha ki bynta ba shaphang shathie lam mihngi jong ka dew bah Asia. Kine ki kynhun jaitbynriew ki dei kiba mih pyrthei hadien ka juk maw bad la tip ïa ka juk kaba ki im kum ka Neolithic Age. Ha ka paper kaba la ai kyrten Ancient Genomics Reveal Four Prehistoric Migration into Southeast Asia, u Hugh McColl bad ki paralok u shem ba ki jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ka ktien Austroasiatic kiba don mynta ha ka bynta ba shathie lam mihngi jong ka dewbah Asia ki don ka jingïadei bad kita ki jaitbynriew kiba la im ha ka Neolithic Age bad kine ki la mihpli ïa kiwei pat ki kynhun jaitbynriew beh mrad kiba don ha ki dewlynnong Andaman.
Kiba bun ki jaitbynriew kiba im mynta ha ka bynta ba shaphang shathie lam mihngi jong ka dewbah Asia ki dei kiba hiar pateng na ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba rep kba bad krai ha ka juk Neolithic Age. Kumjuh ruh ki Khasi bad ki Munda ki dei kiba hiar pateng na ki bad ki krih sha ki phang mihngi tat haduh ba kin da poi bad buhai shnong ha ka thaiñ shathie lam mihngi ka dewbah Asia. Ki riewstad ki ai la ki jong ki snem halor kane ka jingbuhai shnong jong kine ki jaitbynriew ha ka bynta shaphang shathie lam mihngi ka dewbah Asia, u Hugh McColl u ong ba kane ka jia 4000 snem mynshuwa lane 2000 BCE , katba u Xiaoming Zhang bad kiwei ha ka paper ba ki la pynmih ha ka snem 2015 ki kdew ba ki jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ka ktien Austro-Asiatic kiba im ha ki bynta phang mihngi ka dewbah Asia ki krih bad leit buhai shnong ha ki bynta jong ka dewbah India ha ka snem 8000 BCE kaba mut kumba 10000 hajar snem mynshuwa.
Ka don sa kawei ka jingthoh jong u Arun Kumar kaba kyrteng, “A late Neolithic expansion of Y chromosomal haplogroup 02a1-M95", kaba la mih ha ka snem 2015. Kane ka dei ka jingwad bniah katkum ka stad saian bad la kdew ba ki Khasi ki wan buhai shnong ha kine ki lum kumba hapdeng 5.2 bad 0.6 hajar snem mynshuwa, katba ki Munda pat ki la buhai shnong ha ki bynta Mihngi ka Ri India ha ki snem 4.3 bad 0.2 hajar snem mynshuwa. Nga hi shimet nga shem ba kine ki snem ki kdew bad iamir bad ki jingshisha bad ba la lah ban pynksan ñia da ki riewstad.
Katkum ka jingshem jong u K.S Nagaraja, Paul Sidwell bad Simon Greenhill kiba la wad bniah halor ki ktien tnat Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam bad War, bad ki la pynmih ruh ia ka paper kaba kyrteng “A Lexicostatistical Study of Khasian Languages, ha ka snem 2013, ki ai ka jingbatai ba ha kaba myn nyngkong eh haba ki Khasi ki wan ban buhai shnong ha kine ki lum ki kren da ktien War Amwi, ka ktien tnat kaba ki dang kren haduh mynta mynne ha ki shnong kiba don hapoh ka Amlarem Civil Sub-division, West Jaintia Hills District. Ha kane ka jingwad bniah la shem ba ktien tnat War Amwi ka ïajan bad ka ktien ba kren da ki jaitbynriew Palaung bad kaba ki dang kren haduh mynta ha ka Ri Myanmar la palat 4000 snem.
To ngin ïa peit biang, Ha ki snem 2500 BCE ka ktien Sanskrit ka mih na ki ktien jong ki kynhun jaitbynriew Indo-European. Hapdeng ki snem 2000 bad 1000 BCE, ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ka ktien Sanskrit ki wan ban buhai shnong ha kane ka dewbah India bad kine ki kynhun jaitbynriew ki thoh ïa ka kot Bakhuid jong ki ka Rig Veda. Kane ka jia long hadien ka spah snem ba nyngkong BCE. Katba ha ki phang mihngi jong ka dewbah India pat, ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ka ktien Austroasiatic bad kiba la tip kum ki Khasi ki la wan buhai shnong ha kane ka dewbah India naduh 5000 snem mynshuwa lane ha ki snem 3000 BCE. Ha kata ka por ki kren da ka ktien Amwi bad hadien pat kin sa pait pnat sa ha kiwei pat ki ktien tnat. Kine ki kynhun jaitbynriew, kiba la tip kum ki Khasi, ki wanrah lang ïa ka niam ka dustur kaba ki dang bud bad bat haduh mynta kine ki sngi. Kumta na ka jingshem jong ki riewstad, ka ktien War Amwi ka la kham slem ban ïa ka ktien Sanskrit bad ka niam Khasi tynrai ka la kham rim ban ïa ka niam Hindu.
Lait noh ka jaitbynriew Onge, baroh ki kynhun jaitbynriew ki krih bad wan na kiwei pat ki jaka bad wan buhai shnong ha kane ka dewbah India. Don kiba la wan kham ha shuwa ban ïa kwiei pat. Kane pat kam mut ba kawei ka niam ne ka dustur ne ka kynhun jaitbynriew ka khambha ne ka kham shisha ne ka long halor ban kawei pat. Kano kano ka jaitbynriew ne niam kam lah ban kam kynti kumta, la ka long ka niam Khasi ne Hindu ne Khristan ne Islam bad kawei ka niam kam lah ban leh trai khlieh ne ïuh roit ïa kawei pat. Tang kita ki kynhun kiba don ka jingthmu sniew kaba rieh bad kiba thmu ban pynthut ïa ka shongsuk shong saiñ ki thombor ïa kiwei pat. Ngi donkam ban ïa im lang ha ka jingsuk bad ban ai laitluid ïa ki briew ba kin ngeit bad mane Blei khlem ka jingsheptieng. Don tang ar lynti, kawei ban ai laitluid ïa ki briew ba kin bud ïa kano kano ka niam kaba ki mon, kam pher la ka dei ka niam kaba wan na kino kino ki bynta jong ka pyrthei lane ban kyntait ïa baroh ki niam. Kata ka dei kaba nga kwah ban ong bad nga ngeit ba ngam shym la pynmong ïano ïano ruh
(Ka jingthoh ka dei ka jingtip bad jingsngew jong u nongthoh shimet)
