Kumno La ñiew Ia Ki Trai Ri Trai Muluk Jong Ka Dewbah India Ha Ki Por Hyndai?

Da U Bhogtoram Mawroh

Ha dewbah India ïa ki Trai Ri la tip ruh kum ki Schedule Tribe bad ki Trai Ri ki ïoh ki jingïada ba kyrpang na ka Riti Synshar jong ka Ri, kaba kynthup ïa ka hok ban pynneh ïa ki dei riti bad ban ïada ïa ka khyndew ka shyiap. Hynrei shabar na ka jylli jong ka Sixth Schedule ka jingim jong ki Trai Ri kam don jingshngaiñ. Kum ka nuksa, ha ka snem 2019, ka Supreme Court jong ka Ri India ka la pynmih ka hukum ban weng ïa ki Trai Ri na ki jaka ba ki la im bad ïoh pateng na ki kmie ki kpa tymmen jong ki. Ka Supreme Court ka la pynmih ïa kane ka hukum halor ka nongrim ba kine ki Trai Ri ki dei kiba shong be-aiñ ha kine ki jaka. Ka long kaba thamula bad ka long khongpong ba ki Trai Ri ki shah kheiñ nongwei bad shah kheiñ kum ki nongshong be-aiñ ha la ka jong ka bri. Ha ka jingshisha ka dei ka Sorkar kaba kyntur pud bad kurup ïa ki jaka jong ki Trai Ri bad kane ka jingkyntur bad jingkurup jaka da ka Sorkar ka la long ka kam kaba la slem bah.

Ka hukum kaba khat lai (13) jong u Patsha Ashoka jong ka Hima Maurya ka long kaba sah kynmaw ha ka history jong ka dewbah India hyndai. Katkum kane ka hukum u Patsha Ashoka u la pynbna ba un ym ïalehthma lymne ïaumsnam shuh badno badno hadien ka jingshyrkhei ka thma Kalinga. Ha kane ka hukum u la pynpaw bad shim ka kular ba un bud ïa ki jinghikai jong ka niam Buddhist bad ba un sangeh noh shi syndon ia ki kam pynïap briew. Hynrei ha ka kot jong ka Upinder Singh kaba kyrteng “Political Violence in Ancient India” ka nongthoh ka la kdew ba ha kajuh ka hukum kaba khat lai u Patsha Ashoka u la maham tyngeh ïa ki Syiem Trai Ri, kiba la tip kum ki Atavi, ba kim dei ban pyndom ne pynthut ïa ka jingsynshar jong U. Kane ka jingmaham ka shat phalang ïa jinglong ki syiem bad ki hima hyndai ha ka jingïadei bad ki Trai Ri Trai Muluk. Kumta ka hima Maurya hyndai ha ka jingpynïar ïa ka Hima ka la ïatyngkhuh bad ki kynhun jaitbynriew Trai Ri kiba la im bad shong shnong lypa ha kane ka dewbah ha shuwa ka jingwan jong kine ki Hima bad ki Patsha thymmai.

Ha kajuh ka kot, ka don kawei ka lynnong kaba la ai kyrteng Kamandaka’s Nitisara bad ha kane ka lynnong la ïathuh ba ki don ki nongsynshar, kiba la khot ki samantas, kiba ker sawdong ïa ki Hima bad ki avitika lane ki briew kiba im ha ki khlaw ki btap. Kine na ka por sha ka por ki khanglad ïa ka jingkyntur bad jingpynïar pud jong ki Hima bad kumta ki long ki kynhun kiba ïeng pyrshah ïa ki Patsha. Ka jaka shong jong ki Trai Ri ka dei ruh ka jaka shong jong ki lei lum lei wah, ki Blei ki dkhen bad ki mynsiem. Naduh ki por hyndai ki kynhun jaitbynriew nongwei ne ki Brahmin kiba wan buhai shnong kham hadien ki la kyntur bad sdang ban kurup ïa ki jaka shong jong ki Trai Ri bad kine ki kynhun jaitbynriew bathymmai ki la sdang ruh ban bsuh bad hikai ïa ki rukom ki dustur, kum ka asramas bad agraharas, bad kiwei ki jinghikai nongwei. Kane ka la ktah jur ïa ka trei ka ktah tynrai, ka shong ka sah bad ka kolshor jong ki Trai Ri, ka la wanrah ruh ia ka jingïatyngkhuh kaba jur bad ki Trai Ri. Kawei ka kynhun jaitbynriew Trai Ri kaba paw bha ha ka por ka Hima Maurya hyndai ka dei ka Nishada. ñiuma, ka kyntien Nishada ka thew ïa kyrteng kyllum jong ki jaitbynriew Trai Ri kiba pher bad ki bym kren ïa ka ktien jong ka jaitbynriew Aryan. Kawei na ki kynhun jaitbynriew Trai Ri Nishada ki dei ki Munda bad kine ki Munda ki don jingïadei bad ki Khasi namar ba ki mih na kajuh ka thymmei.

Hadien ka jingwad bniah kaba thymmai la shem ba ka kynhun jaitbynriew Austroasiatic ka dei ka kynhun kaba la rim tam bad kaba la wan buhai shnong ha kane ka dewbah India hadien jong ka kynhun Jaitbynriew Dravidian. Ki Jaitbynriew Austroasiatic ki la wan buhai shnong ha ka dewbah India la kumba 5000 (san) hajar snem mynshuwa. Ka kynhun ba nyngkong, kaba kynthup ïa ki Khasi ka la buhai shnong ha ka thaiñ shatei lam mihngi ka Ri India bad nangne ki la krih sa sha kiwei pat ki dong ha kaba ki la ïa-imlang bad ki Dravidian.Kumta na ka jingïashong khleh bad ki Dravidian kan sa mih ka kynhun jaitbynriew Munda kumba 4000 (saw) hajar snem mynshuwa. Kane ka la jia kumba 1500 (shi hajar san spah) snem ha shuwa ka jingwan buhai shnong jong ki jaitbynriew Indo-Aryan kiba wan na ka phang pdeng jong ka dewbah Asia. Namar ba kine ki Jaitbynriew Indo-Aryan ki dei kiba la don la ki dak thoh, kiba bun ki riewstad ki shim ba ki jingtip ba ki ïoh lum na ki jingthoh jong ki, ki long kiba shisha, katba ki klet noh ne kheiñ dewthala ïa ki khanatang jong ki Trai Ri kiba la shu ïathuh ktien na kawei ka pateng sha kawei pat. Ha ka jingshisha, ki khanatang bad ki parom ktien jong ki Trai Ri ki long kiba nylla bad ki lah ban ïathuhkhana ia ngi shaphang ka mynnor.

U James C. Scott ha ka kot ba pawnam jong u kaba kyrteng ‘The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia’ u la ong ba ki nongshong shnong ka Ri China bad kiwei de ki jaitbynriew ki ju ñiew ïa ki kynhun jaitbynriew riewkhlaw (barbarian) kum kita ki jaitbynriew ki bym pat shah synshar bad kiba don shabar jong ka jylli jong ki nongsynshar hima. Kumjuh ruh ha ka juk jong ki Nong Rom hyndai la ñiew ia ki jaitbynriew ki bym shym shah synshar lymne kiba siew khajana kum ki tribe. Ka ju don ka kyntien kaba la tip kum ka kyntien Barbarian lane riewkhlaw. Kane ka kyntien ka wan na ka ktien Greek barbaros, kaba mut ki nongwei bad ki Greek ki ju nam ia ki nongwei, kaba kynthup ïa ki nong Rom, kum ki barbaros. Phewse kane ka kyntien barbaros lane barbarian lane riewkhlaw ka kylla kyntien poh dor namar ki Greek ki ju kren bha shaphang ka jinglong runar bad jinglong riewpoh jong ki nongshun jong ki. Kham hadien ki Nong Rom hyndai ki shim kylliang bad pyndonkam ia kane ka kyntien ban sin bad ñiewpoh ïa kiwei ki jaitbynriew kiba don shabar na ka kynhun Greco-Roman. Ha kiwei pat ki kyntien ïa ki kynhun jaitbynriew ki bym pat ju shah synshar lymne shah jop lane ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba laitluid la ju tip kum ki barbarian.

Hapdeng ka kynhun jaitbynriew Indo-Aryan, ka kyntien Mleccha ka thew ïa kita ki barbarian bad ki kynhun jaitbynriew Indo-Aryan ki ju pyndonkam ïa ka kyntien Mleccha haba ki kren shaphang ki tribal bad ki nongwei. Ka kyntien arya ka ïeng pyrshah ïa ki kyntien Mleccha lane barbarian, ïa ka kyntien dasa lane mraw bad ïa ka kyntien candala lane ki jait ba poh bad kine baroh ki don shabar ka jylli arya, kaba mut shabar jong ka Varna kaba long ka dustur kheiñ jait bakhraw bad jait ba poh jong ka jaitbynriew Indo-Aryan. La ju ïathuh khana pateng ha ka Vishnu Dharmasutra ba ha ka bri jong ki Mleccha ka dustur Varna kam lah ban treikam. U Vishakhadatta, uwei na ki nongthoh poitri bad drama ha ka ktien sanskrit, ha ka kot jong u ka Mudrarakshasa, u la batai ba ka kyntien Mleccha ka kynthup ym tang ïa ki nongwei bad ki tribal, hynrei ïa ki shipai kiba ju ïeng pyrshah ïa ki Patsha kiba synshar ïa ka dewbah India hyndai.

Ka don ka jingïapher ha ka jingthoh jong ka Upinder Singh, ha kaba ka la kdew ba ki don ki nongwei kiba la wan hiar thma bad kiba la kynthup lang ia ki ha ka kynhun ki nongsynshar bad ym shym la ñiew ia ki kum ki nongwei. Katkum u Vishakhadatta, ki nongshun jong u Patsha Chandragupta ka dei ka kynhun kaba kynthup ïa ki jaitbynriew kum ki Gandharas, ki Syiem Yavana, ki Shakas, ki Chinas, ki Hunas bad ki Kaulutas. ïa kine ki jaitbynriew Trai Ri, ka kynhun jaitbynriew Indo-Aryan ka kheiñ ïa ki kum ki Mleccha ne ki nongwei. Lyngba ki jinghikai niam lane Brahmanical dharma ka la don ka jingpyrshang kaba jur ban kdup bad kynthup lang ïa ki Mleccha hapoh ka dustur Varna jong ki Indo-Aryan. La pyrshang ban thep lang ïa ki ha ka kynhun jong ki jait Rajput kiba la mih pyrthei naduh ka spah snem ba san (5) hadien u Khrist, hynrei wat la katta ruh ka jingñiew beiñ bad jingñiew poh ïa ki Trai Ri kiba shong ha ki khlaw ki btap ka long ka shyrkhei.

Ka Shanti Parva ka dei ka kot kaba khat ar (12) napdeng ki khat phra (18) tylli kiba don ha ka kot khanatang kaba ngi tip kum ka Mahabharat bad ha kane ka Shanti Parva la ïathuh shaphang ka thymmei jong ka longsyiem hapdeng ki Indo-Aryan. Katkum kane ka khanatang la ong ba ki riewkhuid ki la pynïap ïa u Vena, u Syiem uba runar da kaba dung ïa u da ki phlang kiba kyntang bad da ka jingduwai phirat ki la khyrwait na sha ka liang kamon ka syngkai jong u bad u la pat ha madan. Hangta hi la kha ia u briew uba sniew dur tam, uba don ki khmat kiba saw treit bad uba long kum u dieng khah phu ïong. Shong khop ha madan! La pyrta kita ki riewkhuid bad hangta la mih ruh kita ki Nisada kiba ijli kiba leit buhai shnong sha ki lum bad ki ‘lawbah ‘lawsan bad kiba ïaimlang bad kiwei de ki mleccha ne ki barbarian ha ki Lum Vindhya. Ka kynhun Jaitbynriew Nishada kam dei ka kynhun kaba ikop ban longsyiem, kumta ki don shabar jong ka dustur Varna. Kane ka pynpaw ba ka la don ka jingpyrshang borbah ban bsuh ha ki khanatang jong ka Jaitbynriew nongwei, ki Indo-Aryan, shaphang ki Trai Ri kiba im ha ki khlaw ki btap. Tangba ki Trai Ri kim pdiang ïa kane bad na ka por sha ka por ki kyntait ïa ka jingleh jong ki nongsynshar nongwei (Indo-Aryan). Kane ka jingkyntait ka la pynlong ïa kita jaitbynriew Indo-Aryan ban ñiewpoh ïa ki Trai Ri. Kawei ka jingjia kaba dang shu jia shen kan ïarap ban batai pynshai halor kane.

Dang shen ka VPP ka la beh seng ïa u Bah Avner Pariat namar ki kam pyrshah seng. Hynrei, katkum ka jingïathuh jong u Bah Avner ka long ba u hi da lade u la pynkhreh ban mih noh na ka seng bad ban weng noh na ka jinglong dkhot ha ka party bad u la dep pyni ruh ha ki katto katne ngut ki nongkitkam jong ka seng ïa ka shithi ïehnoh kam ba u la dep pynkhreh ha shuwa ba ka seng kan rai ban beh seng ïa u. La ïathuh ba ka Party ka la tip shaphang ka shithi bad ka long kaba pynjnang ban tip, kumta ka Party ka rai ban beh seng noh ïa u bah Avner Pariat halor ki daw ba u pyrshah seng. Da ka rai ban beh seng, ka VPP ka pyrshang ban tep ei miaw ïa ki daw kiba u Bah Avner u la pynpaw ha ka shithi iehnoh kam jong u bad kawei na ki daw ba u la ai ka long ka jingshongshit niam jong ka Party. Ha kajuh ka rukom kita ki jait bakhraw ne ki Brahmin jong ka jaitbynriew Indo-Aryan ki tip biang biang ba ki Nishada lane ki Trai Ri kiba shong ha ki khlaw ki btap jong ka dewbah India kim pdiang satia ïa ka imlang sahlang ne ka dustur varna kaba lah shilliang. Ki Nishada ki dei ki Trai Ri kiba im ha ka jinglaitluid, kumta ki kyntait ïa ki niam ki rukom bad ki dustur jong ki Jaitbynriew nongwei, kumta ki jaitbynriew heh paid jong ki Indo-Aryan ki pyrshang ban peit poh ïa ki bad thaw ia ki khana ki parom kiba lai phew jait ban pynhiar dor ïa ki Trai Ri lane ki Nishada.

Ha ki jingthoh kiba rim la pynpaw ba ki Trai Ri ki dei ki briew ki bym lah ban shaniah bad ki dei tang ki riewkhlaw kiba thrang snam bad la ju pynïasoh ia ki bad ki kam pynïap bad pynmih snam ia ki mrad khlaw. Phewse, ha ka jingwad bniah jong ki riewstad la shem ba ki kynhun jaitbynriew Austroasiatic ki dei ki jaitbynriew ba nyngkong ban tip bad shemphang ia ka rep ka riang. Ki dei ma ki kiba sdang ïa ka rep kba, rep krai bad kiwei de ki jait jingrep ha kylleng ki dong jong ka phang shathie lam mihngi jong ka dewbah Asia bad sha kiwei de ki jaka. Ki ar tylli ki Hima kiba khraw bad kiba la shai, ka Hima jong ki Khmer (Cambodia) bad ka Hima Dai Viet (Vietnam) ki dei ki Hima kiba la seng da ki jaitbynriew kiba mih na ka kynhun Austroasiatic bad kine ki la pynlong ïa ka juk kaba paw khmat ha ka phang shathie lam mihngi ka dewbah Asia. Ha shuwa ka juk jong ki Patsha Gupta kin synshar ïa ka dewbah India hapdeng ki snem 300 bad 800 hadien u Khrist bad ba kin pynlong ia kata ka aïom ksiar ha kane ka dewbah India, ki Khasi kiba mih na ka thymmei Austroasiatic ki la buhai shnong ha kine ki lum hapdeng ki snem 353 bad 295 shuwa u Khrist. Ki Khasi ki la nang ïa ka kam saiñ nar bad lah ban shem ïa ki dak ki shin ha ka shnong Nongkrem bad kumta lah ban pynshisha ba ki Khasi ki la im ha kine ki lum, ki la nang ïa ka kam rep bad kam kamar shuwa ban ïa ka Hima Maurya. Kane ka long ruh ka por ba ka ktien ka sdang ban san bad ban pait pnat. Ka ktien Lyngnam ka la pait pnat na ka ktien Amwi, bud sa ka ktien Pnar bad ktien thoh Khasi. Ka jingmih jong ka ktien Pnar ka ïasnoh bad ka jingkylla jong ka Hima Sutnga sha ka Hima Jaintiapur hadien ba ki War Amwi ki la jop thma pyrshah ïa ka Jaintiapur, kaba mynta ka don ha Bangladesh. Tangba ki dang don shibun ki lyngkha shrah ba hap ban lur halor kane ka bynta khnang ban lah ban tih jylliew bad ban tip shuh shuh shaphang ka thymmei. Hooid, lah ban tip na ki khanatang, tangba ban biang pura ka jingtip la hap ban ngam sha ki jylli jong ka archeology, ka linguistic bad ka stad saian genetic.

ïa ka history jong ki Trai Ri la thoh da kiwei bad ki nongwei ki thoh katkum ka jingshem bad jingïohi jong ki. Namarkata ka daw la peit ibeiñ bad ñiewpoh ïa ki Trai Ri da ki nongthoh kiba pher. Ka por ka la dei ban pynkylla noh ïa ka History jong ki Trai Ri bad ki Trai Ri jong ka Jylla Meghalaya bad shawei ki dei ban kam kynti bad thwet bniah ïa la ka thymmei kaba la buhrieh ha ki jingrwai, ki phawar bad ki khanatang. Ha kajuh ka por ruh ngim dei ban klet ba ngi la ïaimlang bad kiwei, ngi la ïaid ka lynti kaba jlan ha ka por ba ngi krih na mihngi sha sepngi bad ha kane ka jingïaid lynti ngi la ïakyrshut met bad imkhleh bad kiwei. Kumta kiwei pat ki dei riti ki la ïohlad ban bsuh bad saiñ dur ia ka thymmei jong ngi. Kane ka la jia naduh ka por kulong kumah ba ngi dang iaimlang bad ka Jaitbynriew Dravidian, ha kaba la pynkha ruh ïa ka jaitbynriew Munda haduh ka por jong ka jinglaitluid ka Ri India ha kaba kiwei pat ki jaitbynriew bym dei Trai Ri, kum ki Bengali, ki Nepali, ki Marwari, ki Sindhi, Punjabi bad kiwei ki la noh synñiang lem sha ka jingroi ka ktien ka thylliej, ka riti dustur bad ka ïoh ka kot jong ka Jylla. Kumba ngi kwah ba kiwei kin burom ïa ki hok tynrai jong ngi ki Trai Ri kiba ngi la ïoh pateng da ki hajar snem, kumta ruh ngi dei ban pdiang ba ka History jong ngi ka dei ka khana shaphang ka jingïaimlang-ïasahlang bad kiwei pat ki jaitbynriew. Kumta ha kane ka jingïaimlang ngi la roi bad kiew shaphrang bad ka dei ka jingshisha kaba shi junom ba ka History ka dei ka jingïaimlang bad ngim lah ban im marwei. Kane ka jingiaimlang kan dang bteng ha kane ka dewbah bad ka donkam ïa ka jingburom kylliang iwei ia iwei pat.

(Kane ka dei ka jingsngew jong u nongthoh shimet)