Da u nonghikai N C Talukdar Ka skulbah Assam Down Town University
Shillong, Jylliew 04
Ka jingpynjaboh da ki plastic ka la nang jyllei ha ka mariang bad ka la mih kum ka jingma kaba khraw ïa ka koit ka khiah jong baroh ki jait jingthaw ba im, kynthup ïa ki jingthung bad ki mrad. La antad ba 460 million metric ton ki plastic ba la pynmih ha ka pyrthei man la u snem bad 20 million ton ki neh sah ha ka mariang. Ki jingtip kiba lah ban ïoh ki pyni ba ki macro-plastic (>0.5 mm ha ka jingheh) ki don kumba 88% na ka jingtuid jong ki plastic sha ka mariang ha u snem 2019. Ki plastic ki lah ban shim por ha kano-kano ka jaka naduh 20 haduh 100 snem ban pyut ha ka mariang katkum ki jait jong ki bad ki jinglong jingman jong ka jingpyut. Ki pla plastic ba pyndonkam tang shisien ki ju shim por kumba 20 snem ban pyut, katba ki bilor plastic ba la shna na ka PET ki lah ban shim por haduh 400 snem ban pyut. Ka rukom ba ju leh ha ki ïing ki sem ban bret ïa ki plastic da kaba thang ïa ki, namar ka jingbym tip ka pynmih ïa ki lyer bih kiba shyrkhei kum ki dioxins, furans, mercury bad PCBS sha sahit bneng kaba ïalam sha ka jingma kaba khraw ïa ka koit ka khiah.
Ha ka por ba pynpra bad pynpyut, ki tiar plastic kiba heh suki-suki ki pra sha ki bynta kiba kham rit bad khatduh ki poi sha ka jingheh kumba 1mm haduh 5mm. Ha kane ka jingheh, la khot ïa ki kum ki plastic rit (microplastics). Nalor ba ki mih na ka jingpynpra ïa ki plastic kiba heh (macroplastics), ki plastic kiba rit ruh ki rung beit sha ka mariang lyngba ka jingpynmih ha ki karkhana kum ki plastics kiba rit (microbeads) kiba la pynmih ban pyndonkam kum ka bynta jong ki tiar sumar ïalade. Nalor kata, ki jaiñ ba la shna da ki dawai chemical ki ïarap ban pynjaboh kum ki plastic hi lyngba ka jingmih jong ki kum ki shñiuh/ksai barit ha ka por ba sait.
Ka jingheh kaba kham rit bad ka jingkhih kaba heh jong ki ka ïalam ha kaba kut sha ka jinglum lang ïa ka bynta kaba kongsan jong ki jingpynjakhlia kiba rit ha ki duriaw bah, kaba pynlong ïa ki kum ka jingngam kaba khraw kaba khatduh. Ka jingjaboh jong ki plastic ha duriaw ka la kylla long ka jingeh kaba khraw ïa ka mariang, kaba la ktah jur ïa ka mariang bad ïa ka koit ka khiah. Ka jingdon jong ki sboh plastic ha ka kpoh jong ki sim duriaw, kynthup ïa ki sim ‘albatross’ la ïoh jingtip nyngkong eh naduh ki snem 1960 ba la dep (Schmid et al., 2021). Ïa ka kyntien microplastics la pynmih ha u snem 2004 bad hapdeng u snem 2009 bad 2011, jan 3,000 tylli ki kot science la pynmih halor ki microplastics, kaba pyni ïa ka jingsngewkhia kaba nangroi hapoh ka imlang sahlang stad science shaphang ka jingsdang jong kine ki jingeh halor ka jingsaphriang jong ki, bad ka jingktah ia ka mariang. Ha u snem 2020, ka kynhun jong ki nongwad bniah na Italy ki la pyntip ïa ka jingdon jong ki microplastics ha ka bynta ka kpoh ka badei ha ka kha ka pun jong ki briew, bad hadien kata ha ka buin jong ki katto-katne ki kmie kiba ai buin, kaba pynpaw ïa ki jingktah kiba lah ban mih na ka bynta ka koit ka khiah jong u briew.
Ha ka jingpynkut, ka jingjaboh jong ki plastic ka pyni ïa ka jingma kaba khraw bad kaba nangroi ïa ka mariang bad ïa ka koit ka khiah jong u briew. Ka jingsah jong ka kum ka jakhlia, kaba jia ha kylleng ka pyrthei, bad ki jingshah ktah kaba jur ïa ka mariang ki dawa ïa ka jingtreikam kaba kyrkieh bad kaba dei ban ïatylli. Ka dei ka mat kaba ïaid lyngba ki pud bad ym lah ban weng tang da ka jingpyrshang jong uwei u briew. Ka jingïatreilang hapdeng ki ri, ki polisi ba la pyntip, bad ka jingïatreilang paidbah kaba neh ki long kiba donkam kyrkieh. Ka phang jong ka sngi ‘World Environment Day 2025’, ban ïakhun bad pynduh ïa ka jingjaboh lyngba ka plastik (Beat Plastic Pollution), ka pynksan ïa ka jingdonkam kyrkieh ban weng ïa kane ka jingeh da kaba jingkitkhlieh.
Ka jingai jingïarap ka sdang na ïing, bad kumjuh ruh ka jingïaleh pyrshah ïa ka jingjaboh jong ki plastic. La kum u briew shimet ne ka seng, lyngba ka jingstad ban ïalum bad ïamir jingmut lang bad ki polisi kiba treikam ngi lah ban noh synniang ha kaba ïada na ka jingbret pathar ïa ki plastic hapoh ki jaka sah bad ki jaka pule jong ki seng. Khamtam eh ka imlang sahlang jong ki samla pule ka lah ban ïashim bynta shitrhem ha kaba lum, thew bad buh ïa ki jaboh kiba la sah sharud na ka bynta ban pyndonkam biang (for recycling purposes). Ki jaboh plastic ba la tyrkhong, haba la pynïasoh bad ki tiar ‘organic’ bad ‘inorganic’, lah ban pyndonkam biang kum ka bynta kaba kordor jong ki tiar shna jinghsna. Shuh-shuh, ki jaboh plastic ba la khleh lang ruh ki don shibun kiwei pat ki jingpyndonkam kiba lah ban leh.
