Shanlang F. Lyngdoh
La jan man la ki shnong ha ki thaiñ Nongkyndong jong ka Jylla jong ngi, kita ki kynhun Self Help Group (SHG) ne ha ka ktien Khasi ngi lah ban ong ki Kynhun Seng Rap. Lade ki la don. Kumba phi tip hi ba ïa kane kam pynroi bad thaw ïa ka SHGs, ha ka Jylla Meghalaya la pynïaid da ka shnat treikam jong ka sorkar, Ka Meghalaya State Rural Livelihood Society. (MSRLS) kaba hap hapoh ka jingpeit jingkhmih jong ka tnat treikam jong ka sorkar Meghalaya, katta ka Community and Rural Development. ïa ka jingbeit pisa ïa kane ka skim National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)da ka tnat treikam jong ka sorkar kmie, Ministry of Rural Development. Haduh mynta katkum ka report haduh u bnai February 2024 la don kumba 48,758 tylli ki SHGs ha baroh kawei ka jylla.
Ka thong jong ka Sorkar ban thaw ïa kine ki SHGs, ka long ba man kawei pa kawei ka riewkynthei kaba la dap 18 snem shaneng, na man la ki thliew iing ha ki shnong Nongkyndong ki dei ban don ha kine ki kynhun SHGs khnang ban ioh ban pyntip, pynshai bad pysnngewthuh ïa ka jingdon kam ban ïa treilang na ka bynta ka bha ka miat jong man ki longïing kiba longdkhot bad ban kyntiew shuh shuh ïa ka ioh, ka kot, ka jingnang bad jingtbit ban pyntyllun ïa ki kam pynroi ha ki thaiñ Nongkyndong.Kumta la sngewthuh ba ka jingthmu ban seng ïa ki SHGs kam dei eh daw tang ban ioh kam sorkar hynrei ban ïatreilang kawei ka jingmut bad kawei ka thong ban weng ïa ka jingduk bad jingsahdien na ki shnong ha ki nongkyndong. Namar na ka kyntien Self Help ne Rap lade, ka mut ïa ka roi ka san jong ngi, ngi ym shañiah shuh ha kiwei, hynrei da lade ïalade, kumta shuwa ban long dkhot ha ka SHG dei ban shai ka thong phin ïa leh aiu kum ka kynhun ? Bad da kumno ngi la lawi ïa ki sohkyrdot ka jingduh na ki ïing jong kawei pa kawei ka longïing kaba long dkhot ha ka SHGF. Bad shisien ba phi la rung ha ka SHG, ka RAILANG, IOHLANG, DUHLANG, Treilang, ioh jingtip etc ka dei ban rung ha ka seng pyrkhat jong ka kynhun, lym kumta ka kynhun kan ym neh slem. Ha ki snem ba la leit bun ki SHG/ki Cooperative Society ki kyllon noh na ka daw ba ïa ka seng la aiti ïa ka kam tang ha ki nongïalam katba ki dkhot pat ki shu ïa ang um. Kane kam dei shuh ban long kumne. Ngi hap ban rap lade bad treilang ïa kino kino ki kam ba la railing ha ka kynhun.
Nalor kine ki Self Helf Groups dang don shuh sa kiwei apt ki kynhun bad la tip kum ki integrated Village Cooperative Society, (IVCS) ba lah pyntrei kam da ka Meghalaya Basin Mangement Authority, (MBMA) ha kaba ka kynthup lut ïa baroh ki longïing hapoh ka shnong kynthei bad shynrang.Ka thong jong kane ka IVCS ruh ka long ban rat jingduh, da kaba plie lad ki lynti ban pynïaid ïew ia ki mar rep bad kiwei pat ki kam ban kyntiew ïa ki lad ban ioh ki bai seng na ka bynta ki paradkhot ne ban pynbiang ïa ki jingdonkam kum ka kudam buh tiar, (godown), ka Thiarlum ïa ki jingmih ban die lang (collection centre) bad kiwei de.Nalor kine don ruh ki shnong kiba hap hapoh ki programme jong ka Mission Organic Value Chain Development of North East Region (MOVCDNER), jong ka tnat trei kam rep (Department of Horticulture). Kane ruh ka dei ba la bei pisa da ka sorkar kmie ka Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare. Ha kaba la bthah ba dei ban thaw ïa kita ki Kynhun Nongrep ba ki khot ha ka ktien nongwei, ka (FPO) Federation of Farmer organization bad don ruh ki shnong pat kiba ka Nabard ruh ka ïarap ban thaw bad bei pisa ïa kine ki FPO.
Ha ka liang jong ka skim NRLM, nalor ki SHGs, la kyllum lang ïa ki SHGs jong ka shnong ha ka kynhun shnong ba ngi khot ha ka ktien nongwei ka village Organisation (VO) bad sa kham katto katne por ynda haba kine Vo ki la ih bha ha ka jingtrei kam jong ki, kin sa thaw pat sa ïa kita ki kynhun jong ki VO lai haduh San shnong (Cluster) ba ki khot ka Cluster Level Federation. (CLF).
Lada ki phaidien khyndiat shaphang ki kam pynroi nongkyndong lyngba ki kynhun Self Help Gropup ha ka jylla jongngi la sdang naduh ba pyntrei kam ïa ka skim SGSY naduh u snem 1999 lyngba ki DRDA jong man ki District, ha kito kip or la don shibun bah, ki SHGs kiba la mih. Nalor nangta ha ki snem ba kham hadien u snem 2000 la mih sa ka NERCORMP (IFAD Project) ka project jong ka International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) kaba la pyntrei tang ha ki katto katne ki district, jong ka jylla. Nangta ter ter naduh u snem 2004 haduh u snem 2012 ka sorkar jylla ka lah pynioh pat sa kawei ka project ne IFAD la pyntrei kam da ka Meghalaya Rural Development Society (MRDS) hapoh ka shatri jong ka tnat planning, nalor kine kiwei pat ki tnat treikam sorkar kum ka tnat jong ka Soil and Water conservation, ka tnat Horticulture bad ka agriculture ruh ki lad pyntyllun ïa bun syrtap ki skim jong ki, lyngba ki SHGs bad ki FPOs. Kumta naduh u snem 2011 la sdang pat ïa ka Meghalaya State Rural Livelihood Society ban pyntreikam ïa ka kam thaw SHGs naduh u snem 2013 ter ter haduh mynta.
Hynrei kaba phylla bad kaba pynduhkha mynsiem ïa baroh pat ka long ba kitei ki kynhun SHGs, FPO, bad kiwei ki met kynhun trei kam ba la seng bad thaw ha man ki pro-ject, ki dkut noh ka jingtreikam jong ki ynda haba ki skim ki kut noh. Don tang katto katne eh kiba ïaineh ha ka jingtrei kam jong ki. Ka daw bah ba kine ki kynhun ki shim long kiba ïaineh sah (sustain), ka dei namar ba kim shai bha ïa ka nongrim ba ki seng ïa la ka kynhun, te, haba kumta, phin ïa iohi, ba katba dang treikam ka skim ne pro-ject, pyniohi ïa ka jingshongshit, ka daw kaba ar, ka dei naamr bun kine ki project/Skim la dei ba bei pisa da ka sorkar ne da kita ki seng bei pisa na ka bynta ki kam pynroi (external aided agencies) ki don ka thong (target) ban pyndep la ki kam ha por ba la buh, kumta kham bunsien na ka jingbyrnia shai tikna ïa ki thong ba ki pyntreikam ki lah kum pynngam ïa ka jingtreikam ha ka lah tang ban dep ïa ki thong (physical target) ba la b uh, kaba lai ka daw ki nongtrei kiba trei ym shym la lah ban ai ka jingtbit kaba tikna (skill) ha ki kam ba ki trei kumta ka por ka shu loin kai, kim lah ban wanrah ïa ka jingïatreilang ki paidbah katkum ka thong jong ka roi ka san kumba ki donkam ki paitbah (participatory development plan), hynrei ki la shu shim (copy) beit ïa ki kam kum ba thoh ha ki DPR (Details project Report) kam jong ki project, namar katta kham bunsien kim ïa dei dur bad ka jinglong jingman jong ngi ki riewlum. Ha ka jylli jong ki kam pynroi pynsan ha ki nongkyndong la juh ong, “ba ka jingshim bynta lang jong ki nongioh bynta ha ki project/skim ki dei ban sngewtrai ia ka kam.” Hynrei kane bun bun sien ym shym la lah ba pynurlong, kumta ki skim ki leit ki wan na kawei ka snem sha kawei pat ka snem, hynrei ki thaiñ nongkyndong ha ka jylla jong ngi pat ki nang sah dien pynban, ka jingkylli kaba mih hangta, Balei mo ka jia kumne ? ïano yn kynnoh? Mano ba dei ban kit khlieh ïa kane ? Kumta ka deity ba kongsan eh ngi dei ban kynnoh shuwa ïa ngi ki paidbah kiba kloi ban bam jakhuid bad tare ïa ki skim/project khlem da ioh jingshai kaba tikna. Bad ia ki nongpyntyllun (Implementer) la kam ki bym salia tang ban biang ki target ne tang ban dep ki kam lajong la shu tian jubor ïa ki skim khlem da thew sawar shuwa. Kaba nga mut ban ong ba, ka long shuwa ban pyntreikam ïa kano kano ka skim ka dei ban da don shuwa ki jingïathir ñia (focus discussion) shuwa ha ki shnong da kaba shim jingmut na baroh ki liang, ki Longkmie, ki samla bad ki durbar shnong, ki nongkit kam jong ki Balang bapher bapher ha ki shnong, ki nongkit kam jong ki Cooperative society, ki VO, ki SHGs. Khnang ban ioh ïa ka jingïatip lang, ka jingai jingmut lang, ka jingsngewthuh lang bad ka jingmonjur lang ban ïa snohkti ne ia pyntrei kam lang. (prior, consent and information). Ka ktien ka ong,” ba lada ngi bakla ha sngi nyng-kong, katta ka sngi khatduh kan long ka jingkordit.” Don ki project ruh kiba pynlong shuwa da ki baseline (lum jingtip), hynrei kaba sngewsih ka long ba ynda lade plum ia kine ki baseline, ym don pat ka jingieit pynshai biang sha ki paidbah bad kam don ruh ka jingbun dien ia ka ki mat ba ka baseline ka lap ne kdew. La jin ba kan da don ka jingïaphylliew jingmut baing ia ka hadien ba la dep ïaleh ïa ka baseline, (validation) kan long shisha ka jingmyntoi, namar da kaba phylliew jingmut biang, ioh pat ka lad ban pynbeit ïa ki jingshem bakla ha ka baseline (lum jingtip)
Kumta ka National Rural Livelihood Mission(NRLM) ka dei kawei na ki skim jong ka sorkar pdeng, ha kaba ka jingthmu (objective) jong ka ka long ban weng noh ia kine ki jingdkhoh jong ki rukom trei kam ha ki thaiñ nongkyndong kumba la kdew haneng. Ki jingkylla jong ka ne ka mission (NRLM) ka long ba kwah, ba ka jingpyntrei kam ïa kane ka projek, long ba lah ban pyntrei kam ha ka rukom trei mission.Te kito kiba long khristan,kin kham sngewthuh bha, ïa ka kyntien mission ka wan na ka kyntien “Missionery.” Kaba mut ka rukom treikam da kaba aiti lut bad ban don ka mynsiem ban lah ban pynkylla na ka jingsahdien sa ka roi ka san. Kumta ka NRLM ha ka nyng-kong eh shuwa ban sdang ka project, ka da ai ka jinghikai kaba bniah bha ïa baroh ki nongtrei jong ka ym duna ïa ka 45 sngi. Ynda ki la dep hikai bha ïa ki, sa phah pat ba kin leit shong leit sah sha ki shnong ha ki thaiñ nongkyndong kumba 10 sngi ba kin lah pat ban ioh ïa ka bor sngewthuh, ba kumno ki long ïing baduk ha nongkyndong ki man ki long bad ki sa wanrah pat ïa ki jingshem bad ka plan treikam jong ki sha district bad sha state. Ka NRLM ka dei ruh kawei na ki skim kaba khampher, ha kaba ïa ka pisa ban ai jingïarap sha ki longïing ha thaiñ nongkyndong na ka bynta ba kin pyntreikam ïa ki kam jong ki la ai pyniaid hi, ha ki SELF HELP GROUP, Ki village organization ne ki Cluster level Federeation. Katta ka mut ka rai ïano yn ai bad kumno yn ai ? Kin hap ban ïa rai dalade ïalade lyngba ki meeting bad jingmonjur da baroh ki dkhot. Ka jingkheiñ ïa ki jinglut bad ïa sam jingioh nong kan shong beit ha ka “RAILANG.” Ym dei kum kiwei pat ki skim kiba ïa ka pisa juh shim rai bad pynïaid da ki Nongtrei jong ki project (Staff). Kane rukom pynkupbor ïa ki paidbah, ka ai bor kham tam ia ki longkmie bad ki longïing ba duk ba kyrduh, ne ki shnong ba kham pajih na ki sor ban ioh ïa ka pisa treikam (working capital) ha la shnong, na la ki jong ki seng / kynhun ba ki ia long dkhot. Lah shem ba kito ki shnong ha kaba ki VO/CLF ki treikam bha, ki dkhot jong ki SHGs ruh ki ioh shibun ki lad ki lynti ban kyntiew ïa ka ioh ka kot ha ki jong ki jong ki longïing. Ym dei ba ki ioh tang ka jingbei pisa ia ki kam ki dup jong ki, hynrei ïa ki jinghikai bad ki lad ioh jingtip ba bun syrtap la ka dei ha ka liang ban pyntbit ha ka seng kam seng jam, ne ka pynïaid kam paitbah, ka kam ban kyntiew ïa ka imlang sahlang, ka koit ka khiah, bad kiwei kiwei pat. Kane ka rukom treikam jong ka skim NRLM, ka la wanrah shisha ïa ka jingpynkupbor ïa ki longkmie ha ki thaiñ nongkyndong khamtam eh ha kaba iadei bad ki kam ban kyntiew ïa ka mynsiem jingïatreilang bad ka jinglah ban pyntreihok ïa ki lad ki lynti ban kyntiew ïa ki kam kamai kajih, lyngba ka jingpyntyllun ïa ki ram bapher bapher na ki bank. Hadien kane ka khyllipmat ka jingshimram ki dkhot ki SHGs na ki bank ka long tyngka 328.26 cr(lai spah arphew phra klur arphew hynriew lak). Kane ka kdew shai kdar ba la lah don ka jingsngewthuh hapdeng ki longïing ha ki thaiñ nongkyndong ba kumno ki lah ban pynheh ïa ka kam kamai jong ki lyngba ki ram na ki bank yn tang ban shaniah tang ha ki Grant (pisa Skim). Kane ka jingshim ram bad ka jinglah ban siewdep ïa ka ram ha ka por sha ki bank, ka wanrah ïa ka jingshañiah na ki bank, ka long shisha ka jingkyrkhu ïa ka jylla ba ka lah ban nangkiew ha ka ioh ka kot. Kumta ha kane ka bynta ka NRLM ka shim khia shi katdei ban pyntikna ba baroh ki SHGs ki ban shimram kin ioh ruh ka lad bad jingïarap kum ki jinghikai pyntbit shuh shuh ha ka kam ba ki trei, la dei ka seng kam lajong, ka ri jingri, ka jingrep ne ka jingthaiñ bad kiwei de ki kam ba ki jied. Kumta ha man la ki shnong la buh ïa kita ki nongiarap (Community Resource Person) ki ban long ki nongai jinghikai ïa ki nongrep/nongseng kam. Kine ki Nongïarap la ai ka jinghikai ka ban pynjanai bha ïa ka jingtreikam jong ki. Kum ka nuksa, ïa ka kam ri jingri,kine ki Nongiarap (CRP) ki dei ban dep ïa ki jinghikai na ka Vocational Training Centre, jong ka A. H. Vety. Department, ki kam ri jingri naduh ka rukom shna sem, ka jingjied ïa ki symbai, ka rukom ban pynkha, ka rukom ai bam, ka jingsumar ïa ki jingpang. Bad ka jingkheiñ jingdiah. Kine ki nongïarap (CRP) la jied kyrpang napdeng kito ki Nongrep ba kham paw ha shnong bad kiba kloi ban ïarap lem ia kiwei. Te katkum ka jingdonkam ka project ka pynbiang ïa ka jingshakri kine ki nongïarap (CRPs) ha ki jait kam bapher bapher. Ka NRLM ka kthong, ba lyngba jong ki Cluster level Federation (ka kynhun jong ki SHGs ba kynthup ïa lai ne San shnong) kan seng ïa ki kam kum ki Kudam (Godown) ne ki kudam pynpjah (cold storage) ban kynshew lang bad die lang ïa ki mar rep, jingri bad kiwei pat ki jingmih na ka Cluster (Thaiñ). Da ka ne leh kumne ka lah pat ban pyniohiew bad kham kyntiew ia ka ioh ka kot lyngba ka jingpynïaid ïew(ïew die lang)ïa ki mar jong ki Nongrep. Nalor kata la khmih lynti ruh ba kine ki CLF kin don la Centre (CHC)kata ki tiar rep ne ki mashin ban kham pynsuk bad pynkloi ïa ka jingtreikam. KI CLFki lah ruh ban buh ïa ki rural transport (ki kali kit mar ne passenger), halor kane ka NRLM ka la buh khnang ïa kawei ka sub scheme” Aajeevika Grameen Express Yojana (ka skim Kyrpang) ban bei pisa ïa ki CLF, nalor nangta kine ki CLF ki lah ruh ban pynïar ïa ka jylli treikam da ka shim ïa ki lad ban treilang bad kiwei pat ki tnat treikam sorkar kum ka Horticulture/Nabard/SIDB/MBMA ha kaba ki lah ban shim ïa ki kum ki FPO.Kumta, ki SHGs kin dei ban sakut tang ka jinglong Self Help Group, hynrei ban iohi Jngai ïa ka lynti ba ka Skim NRLM ka don ban ïalam lynti ban lah ban Kyntiew ïa ka nang ka stad, ka khaïi ka pateng bad ban pynioh ïew ïa ki mar ba ki SHGs ki pynmih. Ka thong ka long ban wanrah ia ka jingiatreilang, kumba ngi tip hi ha ka jylla jongngi, ngi don bun ki mar kynsai kum u Shynrai lakadong, u cashew nut, u Sohmarit, ki soh ba bun jait, ki jhur, u synsar, u sying, u ksai ryndia bad kiwei kiwei de. Hynrei ngim don shibun kumba long sha kiwei pat ki jylla. Kumta ka don kam ïa ka jingïatreilang ban lah ban pynïaid ïew ha ka rukom bangin lah ban kyntiew ïa ka dor na ka bynta ka jingmyntoi jong ki par nongrep. Kumba ka long mynta ki nongrep ki ioh ïa ka dor u mar katkum ka jingtrei jong ki. Bunsien la shu die duhnong. Ngi khmih lynti ba lada ha ki CLF kin lah ban ai ia ka jingshakri(service) kum ba la kdew haneng kan donkam ïa ka jingïatrei lang yn tang ki paradkhot SHGs, hynrei na ka liang ki bor Sorkar ruh ki dei ban peit khmat sha kine ki CLF ba kin lah ban pynïaid ïa ka kam bad ki jingthmu jong ki. Namar ngim kwah shuh ban iohi, ba kane ka ïing SHG ba la tei mynta kan khyllem noh tang shu kut ka samoi jingtreikam jong ka NRLM.
