Donkam ïa ka ILP (Inner Line Permit), haba ym pat ïoh ïa ka ILP kumno pat la pyntrei kam ïa ki kyndon aiñ synshar ïa ki khyndew ki shyiap ha ki District ba hapoh ka 6th Schedule bad ha kiwei kiwei ki ri-lum

“ïa kane ka Article la thoh da u rangbah u ba trei shabar ka Jylla la bun snem bad u ba dang shu shong thait shen”

La ïa khih ban ïoh ILP (Inner Line Permit) la bun bun snem. Haba shu ïa peit thuh bha ïa kaba paw ha ka liang ka sorkar pdeng, tip haduh lano ngin ïoh ïa ka ILP.

ïa ka ILP la pyntrei kam kat kum ka aiñ “Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873” (BEFR 1873) da ka sorkar Bilat.Kane ka aiñ ka long ban ïada ïa ki trai ri-lum ka District na ki nongwei (outsiders) ban wan rung bad ban wan buhai shnong (infiltration). Kane ka aiñ ka mana ruh ba ki nongwei kin ym lah ban buhai khyndew, dei tang hapdeng ki trai ri (Native) kiba lah ban ïadie ïathied khyndew.

{Ha Lushai Hills/Mizoram bad ha Naga Hills/Nagaland nalor ba ki pyntrei kam ïa ka ILP, ka aiñ pynïaid khyndew (Land laws) ka long kaba pyrkhing bha,nalor ba ym shah die ne lease sha ki non-tribal (dkhar), ym lah ruh ban die ne lease khyndew sha kino kino ki tribal (riewlum) kiba nabar District, lait noh tang ïa kito kiba la wan shong shwa ka 26th Jan 1950. Ia ki Co-Operative Society ne ïa kino kino ki Seng, namar la ñiew ïa ki, ki Non-tribal bad ym lah ban die lane lease khyndew sha ki.

Ha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia nalor ba ym don ILP, ki aiñ khyndew (Land Laws) kim don ki kyndon kiba shai ban pyrkhing ïa ki nongwei (outsiders); nalor ba ki non-tribal ki ïoh leh mon, sa ki riewlum (tribal) na baroh ka NE ki ïoh buhai khyndew/shnong kat ba mon haduh mynta. Nalor kata, la shem ruh ba la ai khyndew ïa ki ‘outsider’ lyngba ka Co-Operative Society. Ngin sngewthuh bha ba kumno ha kiwei ki ri-lum bad kumno ha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia ki nongïalam ki pynïaid ïa ka khyndew ka shyiap na kine ki mat harum}.

Mar ïa ioh ïa ka jinglaitluid ka ri India, ki nongthaw aiñ ha kato ka por ki shim ïa ki kyndon kiba ïa syriem ïa ka BEFR 1873 na ka bynta ki ri-lum bad ki la thaw da ka aiñ (statutory safeguards) ba la tip kum ka 5th Schedule na ka bynta ki thaiñ ri-lum kiba don ha kiwei ki jylla bad ïa ka 6th Schedule na ka bynta ki ri-lum kiba hap hapoh ka jylla Assam ha kato ka por.

1.Ha kine ki ar tylli ki aiñ ba kyrpang (special provision) ka Constitution, ka jingthmu ka long ban pynneh pynsah ïa ka khyndew ka shyiap, ka niam ka rukom bad ka rukom synshar khadar ki trai ri-lum (Native/Indigenous Tribe). Bad ban thaw ïa ka aiñ ka ban tehlakam (control) ïa ka jingwan rung ki nongwei (immigration/outsiders/influx) kiba nabar ki District trai ri-lum.

2.Ka jingthmu ka 5th Scheduled bad ka 6th Schedule ka long ka juh, ka ïapher tang ha ka rukom synshar;

(A)Ha ka 5th Scheduled la pynïaid da u Governor u ba la ai bor da ka Constitution ban pyntrei kam ïa ka aiñ ba la thaw kyrpang ban ïada ïa ki riewlum/tribal ka Scheduled Area. Bad la shem ba ka jingpynïaid ka long kaba pyrkhing haduh katta katta.Ym dei tang ïa ki non-tribal, ym lah ruh ban die lane ban lease khyndew sha kiwei pat ki riew lum ki bym dei ki trai ri (Native). Ka aiñ ka long kumne harum;

(i)Ym lah ban ai khyndew sha ki non-tribal, lada u non-tribal uba la don khyndew lypa, u dei ban die sha ki tribal, lada ki tribal kim lah thied, ka Sorkar kan thied ïa kata ka khyndew.

(ii)ïa ki khyndew sorkar (Govt land) ym lah ban die/lease sha ki non-tribal, ban ai/die ka dei tang sha ki trai ri-lum (native tribe).

(iii)Ym lah ban die/lease khyndew sha ka Co-operative Society, lah ban die/lease tang lada ki dkhot ka Co-op Society ki dei ki tribal.

(iv)Da kitei ki kyndon ba la pyntrei kam ban teh lakam ïa ki non-tribal ne ïa ki tribal ki bym dei ki Native ban wan rung (influx) khlem aiñ, khnang ba ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur ki trai ri (native tribe) ka neh kan sah.

(v)Ym lah ban die khyndew sha kiwei pat ki tribal, ka dei tang hapdeng ki trai ri.

(vi)ïa kitei ki kyndon la pynskhem shuh shuh ban pyntrei kam ha baroh ki jylla da ka hukum ka Supreme Court ha ka case “Samatha vs State of AP dated 11.07.1997.

(B)Ha ka 6th Schedule pat la ai bor (autonomy) ha ki trai ri-lum (indigenous/native tribe) ban pynïaid hi da lade (self-governance) ha ka synshar khadar bad ban thaw ka aiñ ka ban teh lakam ïa ka jingwan rung (infiltration) ki nongwei (outsiders). ïa ka synshar khadar la pynïaid da ka Autonomous District Council, ha kaba ki dkhot ka ADC ki dei tang ki trai ri-lum (Native) namar u nongwei um shempang ïa ka niam ka rukom ki trai ri (Native/Indigenous Tribe).

(i)Ha ka Nongrim ka 6th Schedule, kaba dei ka Report ka Sub Committee, kaba la tip kum ka ‘North-East Frontiers (Assam) Tribal and Excluded Areas’, la shem ba ha ki ri-lum ka 6th Schedule, don bun ki jaid riew lum kiba ïapher kawei na kawei pat, ha ka rukom leh niam, ha ka rukom pynïaid ïa ka riti ka dustur bad ha ka synshar khadar. Namar kata, ïa ki ri-lum kiba hap hapoh ka 6th Schedule la bynta ha ki District kat kum ka jaka shong ki trai ri(Natives/ kiba na ka juh ka ethnic group) kata ka District; ïa kane la rai khnang ba ki trai ri (Native) kin lah ban pynneh pynsah ïa la ka niam ka rukom bad la ka riti ka dustur.  Dei ha kane ka nong-rim, la bynta ïa kita ki thaiñ ri-lum, kumne:- (a) Ka United Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills District- ïa ki native Khasi-Pnar, (b) Ka Garo Hills District – ïa ki native ba dei ki Garo, (c) Ka Lushai Hills district – na ka bynta ki native ba dei ki Lushai/Mizo, (d) Ka  Naga Hills District – ïa ki native Naga, (e) Ka Mikir Hills- ka dei ïa ki native Mikir/Karbi bad (f) Ka North Cachar Sub-division ka ba dei na ka bynta ki Kachari kiba kham bun paid.

(ii)Ka Sub Committee ka kyntu “That there should be control of immigration and allocation of land to outsiders, and that such controls should be vested in the hands of the hill people themselves”. Kaba mut, ba dei ban don da ka aiñ ban tehlakam ïa ka jingwan rung bad ka jingbuhai khyndew ki nongwei bad ka bor ban teh lakam dei ban aiti ha ki trai ri-lum. Kumta, ka Sub Committee ka la kyntu (recommend) ïa ka Constituent Assembly ba ïa ki Hills District dei ban ai ka bor synshar-khadar ban pynïaid hi da lade ïala ka khyndew ka shyiap.

(iii) Shuh shuh la kyntu ban tehlakam ïa ka “immigration from Outsiders”, kaba mut ban khang ïa ka jingwan rung ki nongwei kiba nabar ka District, la ki dei ïa ki dkhar na ri thor ne ki riewlum kiba nabar ka District dei ban teh lakam khnang ba ka niam ka rukom, ka khyndew ka shyiap ki trai ri kan neh kan sah.

(iv) ka Sub Committee ka la kynthoh ruh ïa ka Inner Line Permit, ka aiñ kaba ïada ki Native lane ki trai ri ka District bad kaba mana pyrshah ban die khyndew sha ki bym dei ki Native/Trai ri.

(C) Don ruh ki ri-lum kiba, wat la ki dei shabar ka 5th Schedule bad 6th Schedule hynrei ka synshar khadar ki long kumjuh ban ai jingïada ïa ki trai ri-lum, kum ka jylla Sikkim.

(D)Ha (A) haneng la batai kumno ka jingsynshar ha ki 5th Schedule area; hangne pat ngin khmih kumno ki trai ri (Natives/Indigenous) ki District/Jylla kiba hapoh ka 6th Schedule, haba ki la ïoh ïa ka bor (autonomy) ha la ka kti (self-governance), ki pynïaid ïa ka synshar khadar.

Ngin sdang shwa ban peit ïa ka rukom synshar ha :-

(a)Lushai Hills/Mizoram: –

(i)Ka aiñ khyndew, ka (Transfer of Land) Act 1963 kaba la adapt (la pynskhem shuh shuh) ha ka Mizoram (Land Revenue)Act, 2013;ha ka Section 98 (2) ka ong “No land, shall be transferred by a tribal to a non-tribal or by a non-tribal to an-other non-tribal or even by any tribal domicile of the State to a non-domicile tribal except with the previous sanction of the Government”.

Tribal domicile of the State, ka mut ïa u tribal u ba la shong la sah ha Mizoram shwa ka 26th January 1950 bad u non-domicile tribal, ka mut ïa u tribal u ba wan shong sha Mizoram hadien ka 26th January 1950.Ha Lushai Hills/Mizoram la mana ban die ne lease khyndew ym tang ïa ki dkhar (non-tribal), ym lah ruh ban die ne lease khyndew sha ki non-domicile tribal kiba wan shong ha Lushai Hills/Mizoram hadien ka 26th January 1950.

(ii)Shuh shuh ka Mizoram Act ka pynshai kumne “The expression ‘non-tribal’ shall include Ministry, Unit, Body, …. any registered firm or society or association …. and any other corporate body even if comprised fully of the tribals and religious institution. Kaba mut ba ïa kino kino ki seng ne Co-Operative Society la niew ïa ki kum ki Non-Tribal bad ba ym lah ban die ne lease khyndewsha ki, wat la ki dkhot ki dei ki tribal.

(b)Naga Hills (Naga Land): – Ka Nagaland ka la ïoh la ka jong ka jylla ha u snem 1962, wat la naduh kata ka snem kam dei shuh hapoh ka 6th Schedule, hynrei ka synshar khadar ka long kumjuh hi. 

(i)Ha ka jingïalang ka Nagaland Cabinet kaba ha ka 16th Feb 1967, la rai ba ym lah ban die ne lease khyndew sha ki non-local ne ki non-Naga, kata sha ki bym dei ki Naga, khlem da ïoh jingbit na ka sorkar. La ong ruh ba ym dei ban pynshlur ban die khyndew sha ki dkhar ne sha ki bym dei ki Naga.

(ii)Kat kum ka Nagaland Land and Revenue Regulation (Amendment) Act 1978″,

(Nagaland Act No. 8 of 1978) Section 2 ka ong, uno uno u briew, lait noh ki (indigenous inhabitants) trai ri-lum Naga um lah ban thied khyndew ha baroh ki bynta ri-lum ka Nagaland.

(iii)Ka Nagaland Cabinet kaba ha ka 16th Feb 1967, ka la pynkynmaw ba ïa ka jingsynshar ïa ki khyndew ha Nagaland la pynshong nongrim kat kum ka aiñ ka “Assam Land and Revenue Regulation 1886”, bad ka Chapter-X, ka ba la thaw kyrpang ban ai jingïada (protection) ïa ka khyndew ki trai ri-lum bad kaba la mana ban die ne lease khyndew sha kiwei pat ki jaidbynriew. Ka jingïadie ïathied ka dei ban long tang hapdeng ki trai ri-lum, sha kiwei pat ki jaid bynriew dei ban da ïoh jingbit na u Dy Commissioner u ban rai hadien ka jingtohkit bniah.

(c)Sikkim: – Ka Sikkim kam dei hapoh ka 6th Schedule, hynrei la ithuh kyrpang (Article 371F) ïa ka kum ka Ri-Lum (Tribal Area).

(i)ïa ka Sikkim la pynïasnoh bad ka ri India haka 16th May 1975. Kat kum ka Sikkim (Citizenship) Order 1975, ki khun ki hajar ka Sikkim kiba la ithuh da ka aiñ ka Sikkim Subjects Regulation 1961, ïa kita baroh yn ithuh ïa ki kum ki nongshong shnong (citizen) ka ri India.

(ii)Ka aiñ Sikkim Subjects Regulation 1961 ka ithuh nongshong shnong ha Sikkim ïa;

(iii)Ki trai ri-lum (domicile), kiba dei ki Sikkimese Bhutia, ki Lepcha bad ki Tsong kiba la im naduh myn barim ha Sikkim.

(iv)ïa kiwei pat ki jaid bynriew, dei tang kito kiba la shong la sah bad kiba don la ka khyndew ka shyiap naduh shwa ka snem 1946.

(v)Kat kum ka Constitution (Sikkim) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1978, ki Scheduled Tribe ka Sikkim ki dei ki (1) Bhutia (including Chumbipa, Dopthapa, Dukpa, Kagatey, Sherpa, Tibetan, Tromopa, Yolmo) bad ki (2) Lepcha.

(vi)Ha ka Notification No. 125/LR, dated 26th May 1966, ka Revenue Department, Sikkim ka pynkynmaw biang ïa ka Revenue Order No. 1 of 1917, ba ïa ki riew lum Bhutia bad Lepcha la mana ïaki ban die khyndew sha kiwei pat ki jaidbynriew nongwei lait noh tang hapdeng jong ki.

(vii)Ha ka “Sikkim Land Ceiling & Reforms Act, 1977, Chapter-VII, la hukum ba ïa kano kano ka khyndew kaba la mang ha ka kyrteng u Scheduled Tribe ym lah ban die. U Scheduled Tribe u lah ban die tang para Scheduled Tribe ka jylla Sikkim, lane sha ka sorkar.

(d)Ngi la ïohi ha kitei ki ri-lum, kiba don hapoh ka 5th Schedule area, hapoh ka 6th Schedule bad ha ka jylla Sikkim kumno ki pyntrei kam ïa ka aiñ ba la ai kyrpang (special provisions) ha ka Riti synshar (Constitution) ka ri India ban ïada (statutory safeguards) ïa ki khyndew ki shyiap ki riewlum ha la ki jong ki District khnang ba ki nongwei (outsiders/infiltrators) kiba nabar ka District kin ym ïoh lad ban wan buhai shnong. 

(E)Mynta ngin ïa khmih pat kumno ha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia, la pyntrei kam ïa ka Aiñ ka 6th Schedule kaba la thaw ban ai jingïada ïa ka khyndew ka shyiap u Khasi-Pnar (Native Tribe).

(a)Ha ka ri Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills la pynrung ha ka aiñ khyndew ka “Assam Land and Revenue Regulation 1886” naduh ka 16.03.1929, kumba la pyntrei kam ha Nagaland bad ha kiwei kiwei ki ri-lum. Ha ka Chapter X, kane ka aiñ ka ai jingïada (protection) ïa ka khyndew ki trai ri-lum bad kaba la mana ban die ne lease khyndew sha kiwei pat ki jaidbynriew la ki dei ki non-tribal ne ki tribal ki bym dei ki trai ri ne Native.

Ka United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills Autonomous District Council ka sdang ha u snem 1952, bad ka la thaw ïa ka aiñ synshar khyndew “The United Khasi-Jaiñtia (Transfer of Land) Act, 1953” ha u snem 1953. Ha ka por ba la thaw ïa kane ka aiñ, ka UK&JH ADC ka khlem shim ïa ka jingbthah ka Assam Land and Revenue Regulation 1886, namar ha kata ka Act, 1953 la pynrung ïa kine ki ktien “Tribal means a person who belongs to one of the Schedule Tribes in Assam”, kaba mut ba uno uno u Tribe (riewlum)ka jylla Assam u lah ban buhai khyndew ha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia.Namar kata, ki jaidbynriew ri-lum jong ka Assam, kum ki kachari, Mikir, Garo, Naga, Lushai, Kuki bad kiwei kiwei naduh kato ka por ki la ïoh wan rung mon ban buhai shnong sha ri Khasi-Pnarbad haduh mynta ruh ym pat don ki nongïalam kiba pyrkhat ïa kata.

Iohi ruh ba ki dkhot ka UK & JADC kim don ka jingshemphang ïa ka jingthmu bad ka nongrim ka 6th Schedule. Namar ba ym shym la don ka jingpynbeit (amendment) ïa kane ka Transfer of Land Act 1953 haduh mynta, bad hadien ba la thaw ïa Transfer of Land (Regulation) Act, 1971 ïa ka nongrim ka 6th Schedule ym shym la pynrung bad batai da kaba shai ban pynlong aiñ.

(b)Haba la thaw pat ïa ka (Meghalaya Act 1 of 1972), The Meghalaya Transfer of Land (Regulation) Act, 1971, la bthah;

(i)ba kane ka aiñ ka trei kam ha baroh kawei ka Jylla, nangta

(ii)la ong ruh ha ka mat (Section) 2 (e) ba “Tribal” ka mut ïa ki tribal ka Jylla Meghalaya. Kaba mut ba, tang ki tribal ka Meghalaya kiba lah ban thied khyndew hapoh ka jylla. Kaba mut ruh ïa ki tribal kiba la don lypa shwa ban pyntrei kam ïa Act, 1971, ha ka jingshisha ka aiñ ka dei tang ïa kito kiba la don lypa shwa ka 26th Jan 1950, ka sngi ha kaba la pyntrei kam ïa ka 6th Schedule, kiba lah ban buhai khyndew/shong ha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia.

Nalor kata, ym lah ban sngewthuh ïa kitei ki mat (i) & (ii), namar ha Meghalaya don ar tylli ki Indigenous lane ki Native tribe, ki Khasi-Pnar bad ki Garo, la ka mut ban ai laitluid ïa u Khasi-Pnar ba un lah ban leit buhai khyndew ha Garo Hills bad u Garo ruh un lah ban wan buhai khyndew ha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia?! Lada ka long kumne, ka mut ba ym shym la bud ïa ka nongrim bad jingthmu ka aiñ 6th Schedule.

(iii)Ha ka por ba dang dei hapoh ka jylla Assam, ïa ki khyndew ki shyiap ha ki 6th Schedule District la pyniaid hi da ki Autonomous District Council kat kaba ki sngewbit na ka bynta ka jingbha ki trai ri (indigenous/native tribe) hapoh ka District bad ba kin thaw la ka aiñ ban tehlakam ïa ki nongwei (outsiders); ka sorkar jylla kam ju mushlia. Hadien ba la ïoh jylla Meghalaya, ka rukom pynïaid ïa ki khyndew ki shyiap ka dei ban long kumjuh kumba pynïaid ha ka por ka jylla Assam khnang ba kine ki ar indigenous/native tribe kin ym ïoh lad ban ïa khleh, hynrei ba kin ïa shong ha la ka jong ka District, khnang ba kin lah ban pynneh pynsah ïala ka riti ka dustur, ka niam ka rukom bad la ka khyndew ka shyiap.

(iv)Ym don ruh ka jingmana ha ka Act ban ym dei ban die khyndew ïa ki riewlum kiba nabar District naduh ba la trei kam kane ka Act 1971. Na kata ka daw bun ki khyndew la shu die laitlan hadien ka snem 1971 sha ki tribal (kum ki Naga, ki Lushai, Garo, Kuki, Hmar bad kiwei kiwei) kiba na kiwei ki jylla/District ha ki thaiñ Pilangkatha, Maikhuli bad kiwei ki thaiñ ka ri Khasi-Jaintia. Wat la don kiba la ujor sha ka KHADC bad sha u Syiem, hynrei ym shym la don ba leh eiei da ka ain.                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                     (Yn dang bteng)