ïa kane ka artikle la thoh da u rangbah uba trei shabar jylla la bunsnem bad uba dang shu shongthait shen
Ha ka khubor ka Shillong times kaba ha ka 31st May 2024, la ong ba u Chief Executive Member (CEM) ka Khasi Hills Automous District Council (KHADC) jong ka Executive Council (EC) kaba ladep, ula buddien (follow up) ïa ka jingkyrpad kaba la phah sha ka sorkar pdeng ban pynkylla noh (amendment) ïa ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950, ban ithuh noh tang ïa ki trai rilum (indigenous tribe) kum ki Scheduled Tribes ka jylla Meghalaya.
Kane ka jingbuddien ka dei halor ka jingrai (resolution) ka EC ha ka 20th Dec 2023, bad ïa kata ka resolution la phah sha ka sorkarpdeng lyngba ka sorkar jylla. La ong ba ïa kane la kyrshan ruh da ka liang ba pyrshah (opposition),namarba ki shem ba ki poi-ei (immigrant) riewlum, kiba nabar, ki kam bad ioh myntoi kumjuh kumba ioh bhah ki trai-ri ka jylla nalor ba ki la ioh buhai khyndew/shnong laitluid ha ri Khasi Jaiñtia. Mano pat ba ai ïa kita ki jingmyntoi sha kita ki poi-ei (immigrant) riewlum, wat ïa kito kiba dang wan buhai khyndew/shnong shen? La ai da ka sorkarpdeng ne?
Ban sngewthuh la,kata ka resolution ka EC kaba ka la phah sha ka sorkarpdeng kan trei kam ne em,ngin peit shwa ïa ka jingthmu balei ba la thaw ïa ka aiñ, ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950. Ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950 ka dei ka aiñ kaba pynkhlaiñ ïa ka aiñ ka 5th bad 6th Schedule.ïa ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950 la thaw;
1. Ban ithuh kum ki Scheduled Tribe ïa ki trai ri-lum (Native/Aboriginal/Indigenous tribe) ka District/Jylla kiba dei ban ai jingïada, namar ki dei kiba dang sahdien ha ka roi ka par, ka pule puthi,kiwei kiwei bad ruh kiba ka jingmih, ka ïoh ka kot, haka imlang sahlang ka shong ha ka jingdon khyndew ka shyiap (their primitive condition and lack of education or material advantages are incapable of looking after their welfare in so far as such welfare depends upon their having sufficient land for their maintenance).ïa ki trai ri (Native) ka thaiñ ri-lum bad ïa kino kino kiwei pat ki jaidbynriew ri-lum kiba la wan shong ha ka District/jylla shwa ban trei kam ka 6th Schedule, ïa kita la ithuh kum ki Scheduled Tribe kata ka District/Jylla, ïa kita la pynrung ha ka list ki Scheduled Tribe kata ka District/Jylla, kaba la tip kum ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950. ïa ki jaid riewlum kiba wan hadien ba la trei kam ka 6th Schedule, watla kata ka jaid riewlum ka don ha ka list ki Scheduled Tribe ka District/Jylla, hynrei ym shym la ithuh shuh ïa ki, kum ki Scheduled Tribe kata ka District/Jylla. Katkum ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950, ïa ki Scheduled Tribe kiba la pynrung ha ka list ka jylla/district ym lah shuh ban pynduh ïa ki katkum ka aiñ. Namar kata, ngi shem ba ha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia don kiwei kiwei pat ki jaidriewlum, kum ki Garo, ki Lushai, ki Kuki kiba la don lypa shwa ban long aiñ ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950. ïa kum kita ym lah ban pynduh ïa ki,katba ki dang don ha ka District/Jylla bad ïa kiba wan hadien pat, ym lah ban ithuh ne ai jingmyntoi shuh kum ïa ki trairi ne kum ïa kito kiba la don lypa.
2.BAN pynduh ne ban yn ym ithuh shuh (De-Scheduled Tribe) ïa kita ki jaidbynriewri-lum ba kim dei shuh ki Scheduled Tribe ka jylla/district na ki bun ki daw; kawei na ki daw ka long ba, kim don shuh ha ka jylla/district lane ba kim donkam shuh ïa ka jingïada kum ïa ki scheduled tribe namarba ki la kiew ha ka roi ka par bad jingnang jingstad.
Khnang ban ai jingïada ïa kita trai ri-lum ne ki Scheduled Tribe ka District/Jylla, ka riti synshar(Constitution) ka ri India ka la thaw da ka aiñ ha ka Article 244, kumno ban ai jingïada ïa kine ki trai ri-lum ban tehlakam ïa ka jingwan rung pathar ki poi-ei (immigrant/infiltration).Ka synshar khadar (administration) kaba kyrpang na ka bynta ki trai ri-lum ha ka Article 244, la bynta, ar bynta; ka 5th Schedule bad ka 6th Schedule.
(a)Ka 5th Schedule: Ka synshar khadar (administration) katkum ka 5th Schedule, ka dei na ka bynta ban synshar ïa ki bynta/ki thaiñ ha ka jylla, kaba shong da ki riewlum (scheduled tribe). Kine ki thaiñ (5th Scheduled Area) ki dei kiba don shabar ka North East ka ri India, ki don ha ki jylla kum ha Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Maharashtra, Rajasthan bad ha kiwei kiwei, baroh ki don ha ki 10 tylli ki jylla.
Watla, kine ki Scheduled Area ki hap hapoh ka jylla, pynban dei u Governor uba la pynkupbor kyrpang (special powers and responsibilities) da ka Constitution kumno ban ai jingïada (protection) ïa ki riewlum/Scheduled tribe.Namar ba ki jylla kim dei ki jylla ri-lum, u Governor u phikir ban peit,ba kino kino ki ain ka jylla kim dei ban pynwit ïa ka khyndew ka shyiap, ka riti ka dustur ki riewlum ha ki Scheduled Area.
Katkum ka aiñ, khnang ba yn tehlakam ïa ki poi-ei (immigrant/infiltration);
(i)Ki dkhar (non-tribal) kim lah ban thied khyndew ne ban wan buhai shnong ha ki thaiñ ka Scheduled Area.
(ii)Ki Co-Operative Society lane kino kino ki Seng kim lah ban thied ne buhai khyndew, lait noh lada ki dkhot ka Co-Operative Society ki dei tang ki trai ri-lum.
(iii) ïa kiwei pat ki riewlum (tribes) kiba wan nabar ka thaiñ ym shah ban die khyndew sha ki, ka dei tang hapdeng ki para jaid riewlum kiba na ka juh ka thaiñ ne ka ri.
(b)Ka 6th Schedule:Ka synshar khadar ha ka 6th Scheduled Area, ka dei ïa ki thaiñ ri-lum kiba don ha ka bynta ba shatei lam mihngi ka ri India (North East).Ha ka 6th Schedule pat, ïa ka bor la aiti ha ki trai ri ka ri-lum, lyngba ka Autonomous District Council, ban thaw aiñ kumno ban ïada ïa la ka khyndew ka shyiap, ka riti ka dustur bad ïa la ka synshar khadar katkum la ka niam ka rukom (the Constitution of India grants local self-governing powers to the tribes in the 6th Schedule to safeguard the affairs of the tribal communities in respect of their land, forest, social customs and practices, economic and political in their own land).
Ha kaba sdang kine ki thaiñ ki don hapoh ka jylla (Province) Assam.Namar ba don bun ki jaidbynriewri-lum kiba don la ka jong ka jong ka niam ka rukom, la bynta ïa kita ki thaiñ ha ki District, katkum ka jingdon ka jaidbynriew tynrai (Native/Indigenous). Haba sdang ka 6th Schedule,la thaw ïa ka Naga Hills District kaba shong da ki jaidbynriew Naga, ka Lushai Hills District ba shong ki Lushai/Mizo, ka United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills na ka bynta ki Khasi-Pnar, ka Mikir Hills bashong da ki jaidbynriew Mikir/Karbi bad ka Garo Hills District bashong ki Garo. Ka Naga Hills kam dei shuh hapoh ka 6th Schedule, hynrei ka rukom synshar khadar ïa ka khyndew ka shyiap ka long ïa syriem kumba ka long ha ka 6th Schedule.
ïa kane ka jingïabynta katkum ka jaidbynriew ka dei, khnang ba kawei pa kawei ka jaidbynriew kan lah ban pynneh pynsah (identity) ïa la ka riti ka dustur, ka niam ka rukom da kaba tehlakam ïa ki nongwei (immigrant/infiltration) la ïa ki dkhar ne kiwei pat ki riewlum kiba nabar ka District ban wan buhai shnong ne thied khyndew. Namar lada ioh thied khyndew bad buhai shnong da ki nongwei, kata ka ktah lut ïa ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur ki trairi.
Haba la pynkup ïa ka bor synshar ha ki trai ri-lum, ngin peit kumno u Lushai/Mizo, u Naga bad u Khasi-Pnar ki pynïaid ïa ka jingsynshar ïa la ka khyndew ka shyiap:-
(i) Ha Mizoram : Ka aiñ khyndew, ka (Transfer of Land) Act 1963 kaba la adapt (la pynskhem shuh shuh) ha ka Mizoram (Land Revenue)Act, 2013; ha ka Section 98 (2), ka ong ba ym lah ban ai (transfer) die khyndew sha ki dkhar (non-tribal) lane da ki trai ri-lum (Domicile tribe) sha ki riewlum kiba wan nabar (non-Domicile tribe).La pynshai ruh ba ki Domicile Tribe ka jylla Mizoram, ka mut ïa u riewlum uba la wan shong wan sah ha Mizoram shwa ka 26th January 1950 kynthup ïa ki trai ri Lushai bad u non-Domicile Tribe, kaba mut ïa u riewlum (tribal) u ba wan shong sha Mizoram hadien ka 26th January 1950. Ha Lushai Hills/Mizoram la mana ban die ne ai khyndew ym tang sha ki dkhar (non-tribal), ym lah ruh ban die ne ai khyndew sha ki non-domicile tribal kiba wan shong ha Lushai Hills/Mizoram hadien ka 26th January 1950. Ha ka list ki Schedule Tribe ka Mizoram ki don ruh ki Khasi-Pnar; hangne ka mut ïa ki Khasi-Pnar kiba don lypa shwa ka 26th Jan 1950, ïa kine la ithuh kum ki ST ka Mizoram, ïa kiba wan hadien ka 26th Jan 1950 ym shym la ithuh shuh bad kin ym ioh jingmyntoi shuh ne khyndew kum ki ST ka Mizoram. Ha Mizoram ym lah ruh ban ai khyndew sha ki Co-operative Society (ki Seng) wat la ki dkhot ki dei ki trairi Lushai/Mizo.
(ii)Nagaland:Ha ka jingïalang ka Nagaland Cabinet kaba ha ka 16th Feb 1967, la rai ba ym lah ban die ne ai khyndew sha ki non-local ne ki non-Naga, kata, sha ki bym dei ki Naga.La ong ruh ba ym dei ban pynshlur ban die khyndew sha ki dkhar ne sha ki bym dei ki Naga. Kat kum ka “Nagaland Land and Revenue Regulation (Amendment) Act 1978”,(Nagaland Act No. 8 of 1978) Section 2 ka ong,tang ïa ki indigenous inhabitants ne trairi-lum Naga,ïa kiwei kiwei pat kiba nabar kin ym lah ban thied khyndew ha baroh ki bynta ri-lum Nagaland.
(iii)Ha Meghalaya:Ha ka ri jong ngi pat ioh rung ki nongwei riewlum ban thied/buhai khyndew naphang katba mon haduh ha kine ki snem ba la dep.
Ka 6th Schedule ka ai bor ha ki trai ri-lum ban synshar ïa la ka khyndew ka shyiap ba kanneh kansah ha ka kti ki trai ri-lum. U Naga, u Lushai u da bud thik pa thik kat kum kane ka aiñ.
Ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950, kaba la pynbeit (Amendment) ha ka snem 1976 kynthup ïa ka Meghalaya, ha kaba katto katne ki riewlum kiba nabar ka jylla/district la pynrung ha ka list jong ka Meghalaya. Kita ki jaid riewlum kiba la pynrung ha ka list ka Meghalaya ki dei kum ki Naga, ki Mizo, ki Kuki, ki Hmar bad katto katne kiwei kiwei kiba la don lypa shwa ban pyntrei kam ïa ka 6th Schedule.
ïa kine ki riewlum kiba ym dei ki trai ri lane Native hynrei kiba la don lypa shwa ban trei kam ka 6th Schedule, kine ki lah ban thied khyndew namar la ithuh ïa ki kum ki Scheduled Tribe ka jylla. Kum ka nuksa, ka jaidbynriew Naga ne Kuki ka don ha ka list jong ka jylla/District, hynrei kito ki Naga ne Kuki kiba wan hadien ba la trei kam ka 6th Schedule kim lah shuh ban thied khyndew ha ka jylla ne ioh jingmyntoi kum ki ST ka Meghalaya, kumjuh ruh ïa ki Garo, ïa kiba wan sha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia hadien bala trei kam ka 6th Schedule ym lah shuh ban ithuh ïa ki kum ki ST ka Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills District.(Lada ki nongïalam Khasi-Pnar kim shemphang ne phikir ïa kane,ka jingktah, nalor kiwei kiwei, kan long ïa ka jingbhah ha ka Reservation Policy kaba ki Expert Committee ki dang peit).
Haba aiñ 6th Schedule bad ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950 ka long kumba la pyn-i haneng, ki nongïalam ka KHAD kiba la ïoh ïa ka bor ban synshar ïa ka khyndew ka bri u HynniewTrep, ha ka jaka ban bud ïa ka aiñ, pynban la ai laitluid ban thied khyndew naphang ïa ki Naga, Lushai, Kuki, ki Garo bad kiwei kiwei kiba wan sha ri Khasi dang shen bad ïa kiba wan hadien bala thaw ïa ka aiñ 6th Schedule.Peit kumba ka long ha khappud Assam, kum ha Pilangatha, Nongspung A & B, Maikhuli, Umtyrnga, Byrnihat bad kiwei kiwei ki thaiñ, bun ki dei kiba wan hadien ka snem 1972 bad ïa kiba dang shen ruh, la shah ban die khyndew laitluid. Nalor ba la ai khyndew ïa kita ki poi-ei (immigrant), ai sa ka ST Certificate ba kin ioh jingmyntoi kumba ioh ki trai ri ka District.
Haba kumta ka long, kata ka Resolution ba ka KHAD ka phah sha ka sorkarpdeng ka mut aiu? Ba kim lah sngewthuh ïa ka aiñ 6th Schedule bad ïa ka Constitution (ST) Order 1950ne na ka-ei ka daw?
Ka jingkylli ka long,kumjuh ruh lehse da ka sorkarpdeng;
(a)Haba la ai bor (empowerment) ha ki trai ri ban ïada ïa la ki khyndew ki shyiap, balei pat la ai/die pathar ïa ki kyndew sha ki nongwei (immigrant) riewlum kiba wan hadien ba la pyntrei kam ïa ka 6th Schedule.Namar ha ka list la mang tang ïa ki Schedule Tribe kiba wan shwa ban treikam ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950. Bad,
(b)Haba la ai bor ha ki trai ri, kumno pat la buh kyndon ha ka Land Regulation/Land Transfer Act ban mana ïa ki nongwei (immigrant)riewlum kiba wan hadien ba la treikam ka 6th Schedule ban thied/buhai khyndew hapoh ka District/Jylla, kumba la leh ha Mizoram bad ha Nagaland.
(i)Ha ka Transfer of Land Act 1971, ha ka Section (Mat) 2. (e) la ong “Tribal means a person belonging to any Scheduled Tribe pertaining to Meghalaya and specified in the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950; kaba mut ban thied khyndew, dei tang ïa ki riewlum ka Meghalaya kiba don ha list ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950, kaba mut ruh tang ïa kito kiba la don lypa ha Meghalaya shwa ka 1950.Ki nongïalam jong ngi pat, ki mut ba, haba ka jaidbynriew Naga/Lushai/Kuki ne kiwei kiwei,ka don ha ka list,ïa u ba la don lypa ne ïa u ba wan hadien ka snem 1950 dei ban ai/die khyndew laitluid naphang.
(ii)Ha kaba ïadei pat bad ki trai ri lane Native ka jylla Meghalaya;la pynïasnoh ïa ka United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills District bad ka Garo Hills District ban pynlong ïa ka jylla Meghalaya, ka long tang na ka bynta ban suk ka synshar khadar (is simply for political and administrative purposes and not for social-cultural amalgamation of these two ethnically distinct tribes) ym dei pat ban pynïakhleh jaidbynriew ïoh jah noh la ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur. Namar kata, ïa ki khyndew ki shyiap ha Garo Hills District u Khasi-Pnar um dei ban leit mushlia bad u Garo ruh, kumjuh um dei ban wan mushlia ne wan buhai khyndew ha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills District. Ka dei ban long beit kumba la thmu bad ba la pynlong aiñ ha ka 6th Schedule ka Riti Synshar (Constitution) ka ri India, kaba la sngewlem ïa ki trai ri riewlum,ba ka khyndew ka shyiap, ka riti ka dustur ka dei ban neh ban sah ha ka kti ki trai ri.
Kat kane ka aiñ kaba la thaw kyrpang ïa ki trai ri-lum, ki nongïalam ka KHAD kim shym la lah ban pyntreikam ïa ka aiñ, tip ba kim kot jabieng ban sngewthuh ïa ka aiñ ne na kiwei pat ki daw.
(iii)Shu peit ruh, ha ka KHAD (Regulation & Administration of Land) Act, 2021, la ong ba la thaw ïa kane ka Aiñ (Act) ban (to uphold the custom, usages and the Land tenure system prevailing in Khasi Hills Autonomous District within the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India) pynneh pynsah ïa ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur bad ïa rukom synshar khyndew katkum ka riti ka dustur kaba la ju don ha Khasi Hills Automous District kumba la bthah ha ka aiñ 6th Schedule.Ha ka jingthoh,la pynshai kumne, hynrei ha ki kam pat, la pyllait laitlan ban buhai khyndew da ki Naga, Lushai, Kuki, Hmar, ki Garo kiba wan hadien bala trei kam ka 6th Schedule.Ym dei tang katta, la thung bad ai bor Rangbah shnong ïa ki Garo ha ki bun tylli ki shnong. Haba ki la ioh ïa ka bor Rangbah Shnong, ki die pathar ïa ki khyndew sha la ki jaidbynriew kiba wan na kylleng kylleng bad sa sha kiwei kiwei ki nongwei (immigrant) riewlum kiba wan hadien ba la trei kam ka 6th Schedule. Shano keiñ, kata ka custom and usages, ka land tenure system kaba la ju don hapdeng u Khasi-Pnar kanneh kansah. Haba don ba ujor hangne hangtai, ym shym la leh eiei, la shu pyni da kaba pynkhreh ïa kata ka “Resolution”.
(iv)Nangta, shuh shuh, ha ka mat (section) kaba 2 (i) la ong ba (“Allotment” means providing land to “any person” for occupation and use for a definite purpose as per the prevailing custom), ban ai/mang khyndew ïa “uno uno u briew” ban pyndon kam ïa ka khyndew kat kum ka riti ka dustur kaba la juh don. Hangne pat la ong,”ïa uno uno u briew”, kan mut ïa uno uno u briew, la u dei ïa u trai ri ne ïa u wei pat u poi-ei riewlum wat la ïa uba wan hadien bala long aiñ ka 6th Schedule; shaei kata ka custom, ka riti ka dustur. Ka long kaba lyngoh ba ki nongïalam ki don kum kane ka jingsngewthuh, ki kynthoh ba ka “dei katkum ki kyndon ka 6th Schedule, ha ka juh ka jingthoh bad ha ka jingpyntrei kam pat ka long da khongpong.
Wat la dier ka por, ha ka jaka ban phah ïa kata ka Resolution, kan bha pynban ba ïa kitei ki aiñ (Act) kata, ïa ka Transfer of Land Act 1971,bad ka KHAD (Regulation & Administration of Land) Act, 2021, dei ban pynbeit (amendment) noh kloi kloi ban pakhang noh na ka jingwanthied/buhai khyndew kito ki poi-ei riewlum kiba wan hadienbala trei kam ka 6th Schedule, kumba leh ki Naga bad ki Lushai hala ka ri.Tang baka shong ha ki nongïalam,la ki don ka jingsngew ïa la ka jingkitkhlieh bad lada ki shlur ban buh ïa ka jingtyrwa ban pynbeit (propose bill for amendment)…? namar ha ka dorbar thaw-aiñ bad ki dkhot ka party synshar (ruling party) bun paid u briew jong no? ….Dei ban da puson bha, na ka bynta ka lashai ka ri Khasi-Jaiñtia.
(v)Sa kawei ka jingjia, kaba ki nongïalam Khasi-Pnar ki dei ban pei-phang bad peit mat na la ka jingsahdum.Kata ba,ngi ïohi ha kine ki bnai bala dep badon ki Khasi-Pnar kiba la shong la sah ha Mizoram naduh ki snem 1930 eiei.Hynrei ka sorkar Mizoram haduh mynta kam pat ai dulir khyndew ïa ki kum ïa ki trai shnong ka Mizoram,wat la ha ka aiñ ka jylla Mizoram ( Act 1963 & Act 2013),ka don ki kyndon ba kine ki Khasi-Pnar ki dei ki Domicile Tribe kato ka jylla. Ka long kaba lyngoh ba ha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia pat la ai laitlan ban thied khyndew da ki poi-ei riewlum kiba wan hadien u snem 1950 bad ïa kiba dang wan shen ruh.
(vi)Haba kiwei kiwei riewlum ki la shemphang shaphang ka-ei kata ka 6th Schedule bad kata ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950 bad kumno ban pyntrei kam ban pynneh pynsah la ka riti ka dustur, ka khyndew ka shyiap.Kaba sngewsih ban iohi ba, ki nongïalam bad ki riewshemphang jong ngi pat, kim pat pei-phang haduh mynta kumne, shaphang ki kyndon jong kine ki artylli ki aiñ bakyrpang kaba ka Constitution ka la thaw na ka bynta ki trai ri lum. Ka jingduh kaba khraw ïa ka jaidbynriew.
