ïa kane ka Article la thoh da u rangbah u batrei Shabar Jylla la bun snem bad uba dang shu shongthait shen
A.ïa ka 6th Schedule la pynlong aiñ da kaba pynshongñia halor ki nongrim kiba lum hadienka jingwadbniah ka Sub Committee kaba la thung da ka Constituent Assembly (ka dorbar thaw aiñ banyngkong eh) ha ka 27th February 1947.
B.Ka Sub Committee, ka la pynkhreh ïa ka kaiphot/report bad ka la kyntu/re-commend ba ïa kine ki thaiñ ri-lum la dei ban thaw da ka aiñ ba kyrpang ban ïada bad ban pynneh pynsah ïa kita ki jaidbynriew ha la ki jong ki jong ki thaiñ. Ban ai ïa ki, ka bor ba kin pynïaid ïa ka synshar khadar da lade ïa lade hi (self-governance) bad ba kin pynshongñia, ba kaei kaba bha ïa ki ha ka synshar khadar (autonomy). Kaba khamtam eh ka dei ban ai ka bor ba kin lah ban tehlakam ïa ka jingwan rung ki nongwei ban wan buhaishnong/kam khyndew khnang ba kin lah ban pynneh pynsah ïa la ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur, ka khyndew ka shyiap, ka khaïi ka pateng bad kiwei kiwei, na ka bynta ka jingbha ki trai ri. Ka Report ka Sub Committee la tip kum ka “North East Frontier (Assam) tribal and Excluded Areas” kaba dei ka nongrim ka 6th Schedule. (Shaphang ka Nongrim ka 6th Schedule la pynmih ha ka kot Khubor u Nongsaiñ Hima kaba haka 19th April 2025).
C.Halor ka jingshem, ka Sub Committee ka la kyntu (recommended) ïa ka Constituent Assembly ban thaw ïa ka aiñ na ka bynta kine ki ri-lum, kaba ngi tip ka 6th Schedule. Bad ïa ka synshar khadar la aiti ha ki Autonomous District Council. Ki dkhot ka Autonomous District Council ki dei ban long da ki trai ri ka jaidbynriew ri-lum, namar u nongwei u bym dei u trai ri un ym shemphang ïa ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur ki trai ri. Kaba mut, u Naga um lah ban long dkhot ha Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills District Council lane u Khasi ha Garo Hills District Council bad kumta ter ter. Namar kata, kat kum ka 6th Schedule la bynta ïa ki thaiñ ri-lum kat kum ki jaidbynriew kiba dei na kajuh ka Native Indigenous Community bad ka juh ethnic group kumne harum:-
(a)Ka United Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills District, (b)Ka Garo Hills District, (c)Ka Lushai Hills district, (d)Ka Naga Hills District,(e)Ka Mikir Hills bad (f)Ka North Cachar Sub-division
D.Ha ka por ba dang don hapoh ka jylla Assam;
Ka sorkar jylla kam ju mushlia ïa ka synshar khaddar kiba ïa dei bad ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur, ki khyndew ki shyiap, ka khaïi-pateng ha ki ri-lum kiba hap hapoh ki Autonomous District Council, namar ïa ka bor la pynkup ha ki trai ri ka District bad ban kin lah ban tehlakam na ka jingwan buhai khyndew ki nongwei kiba nabar ka District.
ïa ka Inner Line pass la pyntreikam ha kiwei kiwei ki District ri-lum lait noh ha Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills; la shem ba, lada u Khasi-Pnar un leit sha Naga Hills lane sha Lushai Hills District haduh mynta un hap ban da ïoh inner line pass lym kumta un ym ïoh rung, ban da buhai khyndew lei lei ym don aiñ.
Ha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia ym don Inner Line Pass, hynrei haba la pun kupbor da ka 6th Schedule ban peit ban sumar ïa la ki khyndew ki shyiap da ki trai ri, bad ban tehlakam ïa ki nongwei (la ïa u dkhar ne uno uno u riewlum u ba na bar ka District) bad ban yn ym shah kam ne thied khyndew.
E.Hadien ba la ioh jylla Meghalaya :
Haba la ioh ïa ka jylla Meghalaya, da kaba pynïasnoh ïa ka United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills District bad ka Garo Hills District kam mut ban pynduhnoh ïa ka jingithuhjaidbynriew (Ethnic identity) hapdeng ki Khasi-Pnar bad ki Garo. Kine ki ar District ki dei ban treikam kat kum ka aiñ ka 6th Schedule ha la ka jong ka jong ka District. Ym dei ban pynïakhleh ha ka synshar khadar ïoh ba ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur kaba la buh da u barim kan jahrngai noh. Ka dei ban long kumjuh kumba dei ha ka por ba dang don hapoh ka jylla Assam.
La dei ban tehlakam ïa kiba wan nabar ka District kiba mut ban buhai shnong/khyndew la ïa, u Lushai, u Naga, u Garo, Kuki, Hmar ne ïa kiwei kiwei ki jaidbynriew ri-lum ryngkat bad ïa kiba na dkhar. Ka long kumjuh hi ïa u Khasi-Pnar lada un leit sha kiwei pat ki District. ïa kito kiba la wan shwa ban thaw ïa ka aiñ 6th Schedule ym dei ban pynwit shuh.
F.Hynrei, ka rukom pyntrei kam ïa ka 6th Schedule ha Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills District ka la kham synjor bad hangne-hangtai, kam dei shuh kat kum ka aiñ ba la pynkup ïa ka District Council.
Katto katne ki nuksa yn pyni harum :-
1)The United Khasi Jaiñtia Hills (Trading by Non-Tribal) Regulation 1954 & 1959:
Kat kum ka paragraph 10, ka 6th Schedule la pynkupbor ïa ki District Council, la ong, (1)”The District Council may make rules for regulation and control of money-lending or trading within the District by persons other than the Scheduled Tribes resident in the District”. Shuh shuh la ong, (2) (d) “….no person who is not a member of the Scheduled Tribes resident in the Districtshall carry on wholesale or retail business in any commodity except under a licence issued in that behalf by the District Council”.
Ha katei ka Regulation 1954 la pynshai ba[ 2. (1)], ïa ka ktien “District” ka mut ïa ka Khasi Hills Autonomous District.
Hadien ba la thaw ïa ka jylla Meghalaya, ïa ka ktien Tribal la pynkylla; haka paragraph 2. (6) da kaba ong “Tribal” means a person belonging to any of the Schedule Tribes pertaining to “Meghalaya”. Ia kane la pynkylla lyngba ka 5th Amendment Regulation,1989 da ka District Council.
Ha ka por ba dang hap hapoh ka jylla Assam, Ki District Council ki trei kam thik, kat kum ka aiñ ka 6th Schedule, namar ka 6th Schedule ka pynkupbor ïa ki tribal communities jong ka District, ba kin synshar da lade hi ban ïada bad ban pynneh ïa la ki jong ki customs, traditions, and social, economic, and political interests.
2)Ngi shem ruh ba ha baroh ki aiñ (Act, Regulation) ba la pynmih da ka KHAD, kine ki ktien la pyndonkam bunsien “to preserve the ancient customary religious rites”, “in accordance with the established customs, usages prevailing since time immemorial”, “to uphold the custom, usages and the Land tenure system prevailing in Khasi Hills Autonomous District within the provisions of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India” bad kumta ter ter.Kane ka pynshisha shuh shuh ba ka 6th Schedule ka pynkupbor ïa ki trai ri ka District ban pynneh pynsah ïa la ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur, ka khaïi ka pateng bad kiwei kiwei ban pynkiew pynnehpynsah ïa ka hok ki trairi ka District.
Hynrei kumba la ong, hangne hangtai ngi iohi ba la pynrung ha ki Act/Regulation da ki kyntien kiba lah ban pynsngewthuh bakla bad kiba lah ban ai-lad ban pynkheiñ ïa ka AIñ 6TH Schedule. Ngin ïa peit ïa kine harum:-
a)Ha ka Mylliem Syiemship Act, 2015, ia U “Nongpynïaid Shnong” la thung da u Garo ban pynïaid shnong ïa ka shnong bashong ki Garo ha ki thaiñ Raid Marwet. Bad ka Act ka ong, ba ïa uno uno u nongshong shnong u bym dei u Khasi la khot u “Raiot”. Nangta kat kum ka Act, u Raiot um don hok ban long dkhot ha ka Executive Dorbar lane ha ka Dorbar Shnong. Ka long pat kaba lyngoh ba ïa kine ki nongpynïaidshnong Garo, kiba dei ki Raiot, la bun bunsnem ki la ioh ïa ka bor ban die khyndew pathar sha ki nongwei kiba nabar ka District bad ym don mano mano na ka liang kiba don haka bor kiba la peit ïa kane.La bun ki jingujor sha u Syiem bad sha ka District Council, hynrei haduh mynta ym pat iohi ba kin leh ïa kaba dei kat kum ka aiñ, kata,ban knieh noh ïa kita ki khyndew lane ban khang bad pynshitom ïa kita ki nongleh be-aiñ.
b)Ha ka Transfer of Land (Regulation) Act 1971, ka aiñ ka ong;
i.”ban ïada ïa ka hok ki Scheduled Tribes ka Meghalaya”, nangta
ii.1. (2) “It extends to the tribal areas within the State of Meghalaya as specified in Part II of the Table appended to paragraph-20 of the Sixth Scheduled to the Constitution”;
iii.2. (e) “tribal” means a person belonging to any of the Scheduled Tribe pertaining to Meghalaya and as specified in the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950, asamended from time to time and, for the purpose of this Act shall also include the Rabhas, Kacharis(and Koches) residents in Meghalaya.
iv.Ha ka mat 3. (3) ka Land transfer Act 1971, ka aiñ ka ong kumne, “Any transfer of land made in contravention of the provisions of this section shall be void and shall not be enforceable in any Court”. Kaba mut, ka die ka thied khyndew kaba long pyrshah ïa ka aiñ ka Land Transfer Act, kan ym long aiñ ne ym don dor eiei bad kano kano ka ïingbishar kan ym lah ban tuklar ïa kata.
“Kat kum ka Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order 1950 kaba la amend ha u 1976, ha Meghalaya la pyniba don ki Naga, ki Lushai, ki Kuki, Ki Hmar, ki Rabhas, ki Kachari bad ki Koches; kine ki dei kiba la don lypa shwa ban long aiñ ka 6th Schedule; bad ki dei ban shong ha ka District kaba ki la don lypa. Hynrei lada kine ki juh ki jaidbynriewri-lum kiba wan thymmai hadien ba la long aiñ ka 6th Schedule ym dei ban shah rung ban wan buhaishnong/khyndew bad ka jingïadie ïa thied ka long be-aiñ. Khamtam hadien ba la pyntrei kam ïa ka Land Transfer Act 1971.
“Pynban la shemba bun ki jaka khappud Assam, hajan Guwahati, Kamrup la bun ki Naga, ki Kuki, ki Hmar kiba la thied khyndew, bad jan baroh naki ki dei kiba wan hadien ka snem 1995-2000 sha neng bad ki dei kiba nabar ka District/Jylla. Ngim dei ban sngewthuh bakla, ba ïa ki Garo ruh kiba wan hadien kaba la thaw ïa 6th Schedule, ka aiñ ka long kumjuh.Kumba la ong haneng, ka jingïadie ïathied da ki nongwei ba-nabar ka District/Jylla hadien ba la trei kam ka aiñ 6th Schedule/Land Transfer Act 1971 ka long be-aiñ. La bun kiba ujor ïa kane hynrei ym la don baleh eiei haduhmynta.
c)(i) Ha ka Khasi Hills Autonomous District (Regulation and Administration of Land) Act, 2021; la ong ba kane ka Aiñ ka trei kam ha baroh ka Khasi Hills Autonomous District; kane ka Aiñ ka ongruh, “to protect and conserve the land tenure system prevailing in the Tribal Areas of Khasi Hills District”; ka ong shuh shuh, “to uphold the custom, usages and the Land tenure system prevailing in Khasi Hills Autonomous District within the provisions of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India”;
(i)Kaba mut kane ka Act ne ka Aiñ la thaw ban ïada bad ban pynneh ïa ka riti ka dustur synshar ïa ki khyndew ki shyiap kat lum ka riti ki riewlum Khasi; ban pynkhlaiñ ïa ka niam ka rukom, ka dustur ka riti pynïaid ïa kikhyndew ki shyiap kaba la ju don ju bud ha Khasi District kat kum ka aiñ ka 6th Schedule.
(ii)La ong ruh ba ïa kane ka aiñ la thaw” for the promotion of the interest of the inhabitants of the District”; lane, ban pynkiew pynneh ïa ka hok ki trai nongshongshnong ka District.
(iii)Ngin peit hangne ïa ki kyntien kiba la pynrung ha ka Act, kiba lah ban pynsngewthuh bakla bad ki balah ban ai-lad ban pynkheiñ ïa ka aiñ;
1)Ha ka mat 2. (1) (i) ka aiñ ka ong, “Allotment” means providing land to any person for occupation …. as per the prevailing custom”. Hangne, ka ktien ” to any person” lane ïa uno uno u briew ka long kaba bakla; namar ka dei tang ïa ki jaidbynriew ba la bthah ha ka 6th Schedule.
2)Ha ka mat 9. (6) ka Aiñ ka ong, ” Under no circumstances shall…..be settled to any person other than tribes of Meghalaya”. Kane ruh ka long kaba bakla;
Ha kitei ki mat ha 1) & 2), lada pyntrei kam kat kum ka 6th Schedule, ka aiñ ka dei ban ong “ban ïa die/thied khyndew dei tang hapdeng ki Khasi-Pnar (namar ka 6th Schedule ka ithuh ba u Khasi-Pnar u dei na ka juh ka thymmei ne na kajuh ka ethnic origin bad ha kato ka por ïa u Khasi-Pnar la thaw ïa ka District United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills)” bad ïa kiwei kiwei ki riewlum (tribes) pat ka Aiñ ka dei ban ong “tang ïa kito kiba la im la sah hapoh ka District shwa ban long aiñ ka 6th Schedule lane la kumno kumno shwa ban thaw ïa ka jylla Meghalaya.
3)Ha ka mat 2. (3) ka Aiñ ka ong, “That this Act shall be in addition to the Meghalaya Transfer of Land (Regulation) Act, 1971”.
Nangta ha ka mat 12. (2) ka ong, “As per the prevailing custom, the Chief and his Dorbar shall…..not be in contravention of the Meghalaya Transfer of Land (Regulation) Act,1971(as amended)”.
Kaba mut u Syiem ne Rangbah Shnong, kat kum ka riti ka dustur um dei ban shah ban die khyndew kaba pyrshah ïa ka aiñ ka Land Transfer Act, 1971.
Haba ka aiñ ka la pynkupbor ha u Syiem ne Rangbah shnong kumne, balei pat khlem la leh eiei ïa ki jaidbynriew kiba nabar ka District/Jylla kiba wan thied khyndew hadien ba la thaw ïa ka 6th Schedule. La pynshai shuh shuh ïa kane haneng, ha ka mat F. 2) b).
G.Na kitei ki dak, kane ka pyniba ka jingpyntrei kam ia ka 6th Schedule bad District council ka la synjor.
H.Ka jingpynkupbor ha ki trai ri lyngba ka District Council bad u Syiem ban pynneh pynsah ïa la ka niam, ka riti ka dustur, ka khyndew ka shyiap, ka khaïi ka pateng da kaba tehlakam ïa ki nongwei kiba nabar ka District. Lada kim lah pyntrei kam ïa ka aiñ, kan long ka jingshetkylla ïa ka jaidbynriew, ym “baieid jaidbynriew”.
Kawei kaba ngi shem ka long kham ñiar, ba u wei u riewlum ba na kawei ka District u leit buhai shnong sha kawei pat ka District, u wei-areh hangne hangtai ha ka shongkha shongman.Dei tang ha Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills bala sa-tah da ki nongwei riewlum kiba na kiwei pat ki District. La dei, namar kata ba kito kiba don ha ka bor ban pyntrei kam ïa ka aiñ kloi kloi.
Ka Sub Committee ka recommend ban thaw la ki jong ki District na ka bynta ki jaidbynriew bapher bapher, da kaba pynshong nongrim ha kawei na ki nongrim kaba kila shem ba “Boundaries between the area of one hill or tribe are recognised and violation may result in fighting”. Namar kata, dei ban tehlakam ïa kiwei pat ki riewlum kiba nabar ka District ban wan buhai khyndew ban lait na ka kajia majia, kumba ka ju jia ha Manipur barabor bad kaba dang jia shen ha kine ki bnai baladep.Bad ïa kito kiba thied khyndew pyrshah ïa ka Aiñ, kumba la kdew ha ka Land Transfer Act 1971 dei ban shim da ka aiñ ban knieh noh bad ban pynshitom ïa kiba leh be-aiñ. (Lait noh ïa kito kiba la wan shwa ka aiñ 6th Schedule).
