ïa kane ka artikle la thoh da u rangbah uba trei shabar jylla la bunsnem bad uba dang shu shongthait shen
Haba la don lypa ki kyndon bala pyntrei kam da ka Sorkar Pdeng (Centre) bad da kiwei kiwei ki jylla ri-thor, ym donkam ban dawa thung Expert Committee (EC), dei ban shu phah ïa ka Sorkar jylla ban shu pynbeit kat kum ki kyndon ba la don lypa bad kiba la pynskhem ruh da ka Supreme Court.La pynsawa ruh ïa kane ha ka Article kaba 28th Oct. 2024.Ka Sorkar bad ki babu (bureaucrat) ki shem ba ki nongdawa kim don jingtip ïa ki kyndon kiba la don lypa te, ka la dei ka kabu ksiar ïa ka Sorkar ban thung ïa Expert Committee (EC) kumba la dawa.Namar ïa ka EC hap ban thung da ka Sorkar bad ka EC ka hap ban sngap ïa kaei ba ka Sorkar ka kwah.Nalor kata u khlieh ka Sorkar dei na Garo (la bunsien mynshwa ruh), te ym phylla ba ka long kaba eh ban pynkylla bad ban pynduh ïa kaba la don lypa, ym lah ban len ïa kata.
A.Katto katne ki mat ka Report ka Expert Committee ba la shim na ki khubor phareng (English Papers) :-
(1) Ka EC ka kyntait hakdak ïa ka nongrim kaba kongsan (dominant criteria) kaba dei ha ka jingbunbriew(proportion of Population) ki Schedule Tribe (ST) & Schedule Caste (SC);nangta,
(2)ka EC ka bthah ba dei ban pynneh pynsah ïa ka juh ka jingbhah kat kum ka Reservation Policy 1972 namar ka ong ba, ki paid ba bun, ki angnud ban pynneh ïa kaba don mynta (that most stakeholders favor maintaining the existing system) kaba la ai ka jingmyntoi ïa kiba sahdien. – Haba peit ha kato ka por jong u snem 2024, ka jingïakhih ka dei kaba jur, bala tuid u paidbah Khasi-Pnar,kumjuh ruh ha ki sngi ka Public Hearing.Ki Khasi-Pnar ki ïa dawa ban pynkylla ïa ka Reservation Policy ba ka la lah shiliang sha ki Garo. Imat ka EC kam shym la ioh ïa ka jingtip kaba shisha, lane ka jingtip kaba ka ioh (feedback) ka la dei da kumwei pat. Namar, kiba kwah ban pynneh (existing provisions of 1972) dei tang ki Garo. Haba peit, imat ka EC ka ithuh ba kiba bun (majority) dei ki Garo. Hynrei ïa kaei ka thymmei ka daw kaba la wanrah shaduh ka khep ba hap thung EC, bad mano ba dawa thung EC, ka EC ka iohi imat ba kito kiba ïa khih dei iwei-ar na ki Khasi-Pnar.
(3) Ka EC ruh ka kynthoh ba ‘that there were no compelling grounds for a fundamental alteration of the policy at this stage’ lane ba ym don kano kano ka nongrim kaba ka sngewdei ban pynkylla ïa ka Policy kumba ka long mynta. – Ka EC hangne ka la kyntait (ignore) ïa ki kyndon ba la don lypa, ha kaba ka jingbunbriew ki ST/SC la shim kum ka nongrim ba kongsan (population being the fundamental/dominant factor). Ka EC ka kyntait ruh ban peit ïa ka kyndon ba sdang eh ha ka Reservation Policy 1972 ka jylla, ka ba ong, ban pynshong nongrim, kat kum ka jingbunbriew ki jaidbynriew lane “in terms of their population”. Kane ka dei ka bynta ka banyngkong eh ba ka EC ka dei ban sdang ïa ka kam, khnang ba kan lah ban pynshai ïa ki nong-rim ba, la ka dei ban pynkylla ne ban pynneh khnang ban sngewthuh lang kiba ïa khih (stake holders).
Ha ka jaka ban it bniah ïa kane ka mat kaba nyngkong ka jingdawa, kata ban peit ïa ka 40% ba la mang mynta bad ban ïa nujor bad ka jingdonbriew u Khasi-Pnar bad u Garo ban shem shano ka lah shiliang, ka shu kyntait jynded pynban(brushed aside) bad ïaid lait khem kynthoh ei ei ha lor kata. Ka EC ka shu pyndep da ka jingbthah ban pynneh ïa ka juh. Ka jingleh ka EC kam dei ka ba bha, ka la mih bun ka jingartatien na kane(left lots of questions to be answered).Wat ha ki OBC (Other Backward Community) kiba kham halor ïa ki SC/ST, wat la, ym shym la shim ïa ka jingbunbriew (population) jong ki ha ka jingbhah, hynrei ka Supreme Court ha Mukot Duma (Indra Sawhanivrs Others) ka kynthoh baka jingkheiñ ïa ka jingbunbriew ka long kaba donkam (population is relevant) ban tip; ia ki ST/SC pat ka jingbunbriew ka dei ka nongrim kaba kongsan (ynpynshaiharum).
(4)Nalor kata, ha kawei na ki khubor, la kynthoh ruh bad ka la long kaba lyngoh shuh shuh, ba ka EC ka la maham ba lada pyrshang ban pynkylla ïa ka Policy, kan poi sha u pud ba ka ïing Kashari kan shimti (The committee warned that any alteration could be vulnerable to judicial scrutiny).- ka EC ka la jam sha ba palat pud, kam dei ka kamram ka EC ban peit ïa kane. Ka EC ka dei ban peit bniah tang ïa jingbhah kaba la ai 40% ïa u Khasi-Pnar bad 40% sha u Garo, kaba mut tang ha ka State level lane Grade “A” bad ban pynkylla kat kum ka nongrim kaba shongñia. Kam dei ban mushlia nalor kata lane ban pyntieng ne pynkulmar kai.ïa kata ka ban poi sha ïingbishar (litigation) ka lah ban jia, kam lah ruh ban jia haba ïa dei kam ki 2 jaidbynriew. Baroh ka shong ha ka mon (will) ka Sorkar jylla, la ka mut hok ne em ban pyntrei kam ha ki nongrim kiba shongñia bad kiba la don lypa.
(5)Ka EC ka ong ba ka jingbhah ym dei ban pynshong nongrim tang ha ka jingbun paid ka jaidbynriew. Ka ong ban pynshong nongrim ha ka jingbit jingbiang ka im-lang sah-lang bad ka pule puthi bad ruh ka jingioh mihkhmat ka jaidbynriew ha ka ioh-kam ioh-jam (that reservation cannot be determined solely on the basis of population proportions of any tribe or caste. It stated that social and educational backwardness, historical disadvantage and adequacy of representation in public services must remain the core criteria). -Ha kano ka rukom ban kheiñ ha ka nongrim ka jingsahdien ha ka im-lang sah-lang bad ka pule puthi namar u Khasi-Pnar bad u Garo ki dei ki riewlum kane ka thaiñri-lum NE.Kumba long kiwei kiwei ki para riewlum kane ka thaiñ kiba hapoh ka 6th Schedule kiba la ñiew kiba sahdien tam ha ka ri; ki riewlum kiba hapoh ka 6th Schedule ki hap ha ka juh ka kyrdan (Category). Ka EC, la iohi ba, ka la pynshongñia tang ha ka jingbishar ka mukot duma ka Supreme Court ha ka Case Indra Sawhne&etc vs Union dtd 16th Nov 1992 kaba dei shaphang ki Other Backward Community (OBC), ha kaba la pynshong nongrim ha jingsahdien ha ka im-lang sah-lang bad ka pule puthi ki jaidbynriew OBC. Ka Courtka la kynthoh ruh ba ha kane ka nongrim ym dei ban wanrah na ka bynta ka jingbhah kam ïa ki Schedule Caste bad Schedule tribe (SC/ST) (“The test or requirement of social and educational backwardness cannot be applied to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, who indubitably fall within the expression “backward class of citizens”. Shuh shuh, ki nongbishar ha kajuh ka mukotduma ki pynshai ba ki OBC ki dei kiba kham halor ïa ki SC/ST, balada ïa ki SC/ST la kynthuplang bad ki OBC, ki SC/ST kin duh kam lut, (“It is that if Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Classes are lumped together, O.B.Cs.will take away all the vacancies leaving Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes high and dry”).
(6) Ka EC ka la kynthoh ruh ba, ka shong ha ka adequacy of representation in public services, kaba mut ban pynpoi haduh ban da biang ka jingmihkhmat ha ka ioh kam ioh jam ka jaidbynriew kat kum ka bhah ba la mang. – Haba kren ïa ka adequacy of representation lane ban poi ha ba biang ka jingmihkhmat, ka dei ban don halor ka nongrim.Na kata ka daw ka ïingbishar/Supreme Court ha ka case M. Nagraj and Others vs. Union of India and Others u snem 2006 ka bthah (States needed to collect quantifiable data to prove that they were inadequately represented in the public service) ba ka sorkar jylla ka dei ban lum jingkheiñ ïa ka jingbunbriew ka jaidbynriewkhnang ban pyntikna haduh katno ka poi ka jingmihkhmat(Representation) na kawei pa kawei ka jaidbynriewha ka ioh kam ioh jam (adequacy of representation of the community in services).
Ha la ka jong ka District la ïa trei shitom ban pynroi pynkiew, hynrei ha ka synshar ïa ka jylla, kham busien eh ki Myntri Rangbah dei na Garo, te mano ba kham shai, kham kiew ? Shuh shuh, kat kum ka District Sustain Development Index 2023-24 bala pynmih ka NITI Ayog, ha ka jingkheiñ / Score karoi ka par (Composite Score) ha ki District, la shem ba ha ki 7 District ka Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills ka average Score ka dei 65.48 bad ha Garo Hills ha ki 5 District ka average Score ka dei 68.74. Kham kiew ki briew ha ki District ka Garo Hills. Haba kumne, para ri mano ba kham bit kham biang, ioh ngi ong u Khasi-Pnar, ka dei kaba bakla, ym slem shuh ba ki Garo kin kham kiew ban ïa ki Khasi-Pnar bad la iohi shai ïa kata. Ha East Khasi Hills shu don noh ka Shillong, lada ym kheiñ sa ïa ka Laitumkhrah, ka Laban, Nongthymmai bad kiwei kiwei ki dong kiba bun khyllahjaid, kata, ka average score ha Khasi-Jaiñtia kan hiar shapoh ka 60 point.
Tangba ïa ka “Adequacy of Representation” lah ban pyntrei kam tang lada ka jingbhah (Reservation) % la pynshong nong-rim (criteria) katkum ka jingdonbriew u Khasi-Pnar bad u Garo lym kumta ka % kan kham jur ka lah shiliang bad ka jingpyntrei kam, kam don jingmut.
B. Ym pat ju thung Expert Committee ban ithuh (identify) lane ban mang (quantum) ïa ka jingbhah kam (Reservation)ïa ki Schedule Caste ne Schedule Tribe (SC & ST), namar ka dei kaba suk ban ithuh ïa ki, ba ki dei kiba la ñiewpoh tam, kiba dang sahdien bad kiba duk tam (most depressed & backward community) napdeng ki paid ka ri India. Ki dei ruh kiba rit paid hapdeng ki jaidbynriew ka ri. Bad ba, ïa kawei pa kawei ka jaidbynriew SC & ST la pynrung ha ka Constitution (Schedule Caste & Schedule Tribe) Order 1950 ha la ki jylla jylla.
Ynda la ioh ïa ka jylla Meghalaya, ïa ki Schedule Tribes hapoh ka jylla lah ban shem ha ka SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBE ORDERS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1976.
C.La thung Expert Committee kaba nyngkong eh ha ka ri India dei na ka bynta ban ithuh (identify) ïa ki OBC (Other Backward Class) ki jaidbynriew kiba dang sahdien nalor ki SC/ST. Namar don bun ki jaidbynriewkiba kam ba ki dei kiba dang sahdien, ka Sorkar Pdeng ka la hap ban thung da ka Expert Committee ha u snem 1979, ban ithuh ïa kita ki jaidbynriew (OBC).Kata ka Expert Committee la tip kum ka Mandal Commission. Ki OBC ki dei kiba bun briew tam, haduh 52% ki briew ka ri India dei kita ki OBC, te la don kam ban thung EC.
D.Namar ki SC/ST ki dei ki jaidbynriew kiba rit paid, la pynshong nongrim ha ka jingbunbriew (population) ki SC/ST ban mang ïa ka bhah kam (Reservation) bad lah ban iohi ïa kata kumne harum:-
(i)Ka Mandal Commision report 1980 haka page No 6, ka kynthoh ba la sdang ban ai lad haka jingthung kam (Reservation) ïa ki jaid “bapoh” naduh ka snem 1934; namarba ym pat don jingkheiñ briew (Census) ha kito ki por, la bhah kam (Reservation) da kaba shu jied tang ïa kiba la bit haka pule puthi.Ha u snem 1943 la mang 8.5% ïa ki SC (Schedule Caste) ban ai kam. Ha u snem 1946 ynda la ioh ïa ka jngkheiñ briew (Census), ka sorkar ka la mang 12.5 % ia ki SC kat kum ka jingbunbriew jong ki. Ha kata ka por ym shym la lah ban mang ka jingbhah kam (Reservation) ïa ki ST (Schedule Tribe) ba ym pat don napdeng jong ki, ki babiang ha ka pule puthi ban ai kam.
(ii)Ka Sorkar India kat kum ka Office Memorandum Dated 23.01.2014, (GOI, Ministry of Personnel Public Grievance & Pensions; Deptt. of Personnel and Training, paragraph 1.7,) ka kynthoh ba kat kum ka Census 1961 la shem ba ka jingbun briew ki SC bad ki ST, haba ïa nujor bad ka jingbunbriew haka ri, kala kiew sha ka 14.64 % ha ki SC bad 6.80 % ha ki ST. Na kata ka daw ïa ka reservation na ka bynta ki SC na ka 12.5 % la pynkiew sha ka 15 % bad na ka bynta ki ST la pynkiew na ka 5 % sha ka 7.5 %, ka ba la pynshong nongrim kat kum ka jingbun briew jongki.
(iii)Sa ka Supreme Court haka mukot-duma, Case No. WP(C) No. 000079-000079/1979, R. K. Sabharwal & Ors Vs. State of Punjab & Ors, dated 10.02.1995, ka bthah ba ka % jong ka reservation ka dei ka jingmihkhmat/representation ha ka ioh kam ioh jam ki ba sahdien (backward), kaba dei ban shim na ka jingbunbriew kita kiba sahdien da kaba ïa nujor bad ka jingbunbriew ka jylla baroh kawei (based on the proportion worked out in relation to their populations”).
(iv)Ha ka nongrim ba la pyni haneng, baroh ha kiwei kiwei ki jylla rithor ka ri India ki mang ïa ka % reservation na ka bynta ki SC & ST kat kum ka jingbun paid jong ki ha la ka jylla; kum ka nuksa, ha Bihar ka jingbunbriew ki SC ki don 16%, ka jingbhah kam/reservation ïa ki, la mang 16%, ka jingbun ki briew ki ST ki don 1.3%, ka reservation ïa ki la mang 1%. Ha Tamil Nadu, ki SC ki don briew 20%, ka reservation ïa ki ka la mang 18%, ki ST ki don briew 1%, ka reservation ïa ki la mang 1%. Ha Jharkhand ki SC ki don briew 12.08%, ka reservation ïa ki la mang 12%, bad ki ST ha Jharkhand ki don 26.21%, ka reservation ïa ki la mang 26%. Ha Mahashtra ki SC ki don briew 12% bad ka reservation ïa ki ka dei 13%, ki ST ki don briew 8% bad ka reservation ïa ki la mang 7%.(Census 2011), bad kumta ter ter.
E.Ha Meghalaya ruh, ha ka porba la thaw ïa ka Reservation Policy ha u snem 1972, (Resolution vide OM No. PER. 222/71/138 dated. 12th Jan 1972) ha basdang ka Policy lapyndon kam ïa kine ki ktien”in terms of their population” kaba mut kat kum ka jingbunbriew jong ki. Hynrei ha ka jingmang pat la ai 40% ia u Khasi-Pnar bad 40% ïa u Garo, katba ha ka jingbunbriew (Census 2011) pat, ki Khasi-Pnar ki don briew haduh 48% bad ki Garo ki don tang 32% na ki STbaroh. Kaba mut ruh ba, ha ki kyntien ka long kat kum ka kyndon ba la bud da ka Sorkar Pdeng, ha ka jingmang pat ka la long da kumwei ban kham lah shiliang sha u Garo. Ka long kaba lyngoh ba ki nongialam Khasi-Pnar kim iohi ïa kane ha kato ka por bad iohi pat haduh 51 snem mynta, ka jingduh kaba khraw ïa u Khasi-Pnar namar ka jingbiej.
F. Ym lah ruh ban ngeit ba ki kito ki dkhot ka Expert Committee kim tip ïa ki kyndon ba la don lypa kumba la pyni ha D. (i), (ii), (iii) & (vi) haneng, hynrei ba ki dei ban sngap ïa kaei ba ki heh sorkar ki kwah, lah iohi ruh ïa kane na ka Report kat kumba paw ha ki khubor. Lada u Khasi-Pnar u pan ban pyntrei katkum ki kyndon kiba la don lypa, ka sorkar ka hap ban pyntreikam ïa kata namar ki kyndon ki la don.Hynrei haba pan pynban da ka Expert Committee,te, kaei kaba mih mynta ym dei shuh ban sngewphylla..
G.Balei la thaw ïa ka Reservation Policy ban bhah ïa ka jingthung kam hapdeng u Khasi-Pnar bad u Garo?Ka thymmei ka wan na ka 6th Schedule ka Constitution ka ri India. Kat kum ka 6th Schedule la bynta ïa ki thaiñ ri-lum kat kum ka jaidbynriew ki nongshongshnong, namar ki dei kiba iapher kawei na kawei pat bad ba kim dei na ka juh ka thymmei jaidbynriew lane ki bym dei na ka juh ka ethnic origin. Bad ba ki dei ban pynneh ïa la ka riti ka dustur, ka khyndew ka shyiap.Ha ka nongrim ka 6th Schedule, ha kato ka por ha ka thaiñ bashong u Khasi-Pnar la bynta bad la khot ka United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills District, ha ka thaiñ ba shong ki jaidbynriew Garo la khot ka Garo Hills District, ha ri Lushai la tip kum ka Lushai Hills District, mynta ka long ka Mizoram, ka ri ki Naga la tip kum ka Naga Hills District lane Nagaland mynta bad kumta ter ter.
Mar ïa ioh jylla ka Meghalaya, ha kata ka nongrim, ba u Khasi-Pnar bad u Garo ki dei na la ka jong ka jong ka jaidbynriew (distinct ethnic community), la thaw ïa ka Reservation Policy lane ka aiñ ban pynryntih ïa ka rukom mang ïa ki kam ba lait. Khnang ba kine ki ar jaidbynriew kin ioh ïa la ka bhah ban mihkhmat (Represent) ha ka ioh kam ioh jam na la ka jaidbynriew bad ka jingbhah % ka dei ban long kat kum ka jingbunbriew jong ki (Proportion of their population).
Hynrei, naduh ba sdang ioh jylla,ka jingmang % la leh ha kata ka rukom ban kanlah shiliang.Haba ha kato ka por (1971 Cencus), ka dei ban long 48% ïa ki Khasi-Pnarbad 32%. Katta ruh ym don ban ong eiei, tip ba ki nongïalam jong ngi kim kot jingmut ne bajaituh ! Sa mynta la ngat ïalade, ha ka jaka ban phah pynbeit ïa Reservation ka kum kyndon kiba la don lypa, la phah thung EC pynban. Ym dei ban sngewthuh bakla ïa kata,ba ka EC ka hap ban sngap ïa ki heh Sorkar bad la iohi shai ruh ba u Khasi um don Voice shuh ha khmat ka Sorkar. Tip, ngi la ioh jinghikai ne em na kane; wat la dier ka por, la dei ban ngin shud pynnep la ka jabieng. Haba pule ïa kiba donkam, wat mlien ban shu peit tang ïa ki mat (Head Lines) bad sngew ba la tip lut. Da pule bniah ban tip janai ba, hangno don kaba dei bad hangno kaba lait. Lym kumta, ka dei kumba ong ki riewstad “Ignorance is the cause, responsible for most human sufferings”, kaba mut ka jingbiej sngew-stad ka long ka daw kaba wanrah ïa kiba bun ki jingjynjar ïa ka jaidbynriew. Ka jingieid jaidbynriew khlem ka jingshemphang kan poi sha ka jingjot
Yn bteng ha Part-II ban pynshai ïa ka “Carry Forward” bad ïa ka “Backlog Vacancies” ba ka EC ka bthah. Yn pynshai ruh ïa ka Reservation ha ka jingthung kam ïa ki Grade “C” bad “D” kaba ka EC ka la bthah.Ka EC kam dei ban mushlia ïa ka Grade “C” & “D” namar ka la biang bha kat kum ka Clause 2.2 ka Reservation Policy. Hynrei don kaei kaei, lada ym peitngor, nalor ka jingleh be-aiñ naduh basdang haduh u 2024.
