Bhogtoram Mawroh
Katto katne bnai mynshuwa, nga la shah khot sngewbha ban ïa shim bynta ha ka Nul-Ding Kût Festival, kaba la pynlong da ka Biate Cultural Organisation of Meghalaya ha Saipung. Ka Nul-Ding Kût, kaba mut ka “Festival of Renewal of Life” lane ka “Tamasa ïa ka Jingpynthymmai ïa ka Jingim”, ka dei ka jingïalehkmen jong ki Biate, kawei na ki jaitbynriew tynrai kiba shong ha East Jaintia Hills, ban pynpaw ïa ka jingsngewnguh ïa u Blei ïa ka jingkyrkhu lyngba ka mariang ïa shibun kiei kiei kiba ki ïoh bad ïa ka jingïoh ka jingmih kaba bha na ka rep ka riang jong ki. Ha kane ka snem, ka jingrakhe ka la long kaba kham heh bad kaba kham kyrpang, ha kaba la wan ïa shim bynta ruh ki nongshah khot sngewbha ne ki kongsan kiba kynthup ïa ka Kong Santa Mary Shylla, ka MLA ba mynta jong ka Sutnga-Saipung konstitwensi, bad ka Kong Patricia Mukhim, ka Editor jong ka The Shillong Times. Kane ka jingïalang ka la long ruh ka lad ban pyllait paidbah ïa ka kot kaba nyngkong eh jong ki Biate, kaba kyrteng “Is She Wise”, kaba la thoh da ka Anna Notsu, ka samla pule PhD na Leiden University, Netherlands.
Kane ka dei ka sien kaba nyngkong ïa nga ban leit sha Saipung, bad shuwa ban leit, nga la bna ba ka surok naduh Sutnga haduh Saipung ka long kaba sniew bha. Haba nga la ïaid lyngba kata ka surok, nga la sakhi hi da la ki khmat ïa ka jingshisha jong kata ka jinglong jingman jong ka surok. Hadien kumba san kynta jong ka jingïaid kaba shitom lyngba ki surok kiba dap da ka pum-pum bad ka khyndew, nga bad i Kong Patricia Mukhim khatduh khatwai ngi la poi ha ka jaka ba la pynlong ïa ka tamasa Nul-Ding Kût. Kane ka dei ka tamasa bad ka jingïalang kaba donkam bha ïa ki jaitbynriew Biate, bad ka madan ka la dap smam da ki paidbah kiba la wan ha ryngkat da ki jaiñ ki khor kiba itynnad bad kiba pynpaw ïa ka kolshor ba riewspah jong ki. Na ki prokram kiba la pynlong ha kane ka sngi, ka jingïakop pyni riam ka long kawei kaba la khring bha ïa ka jingmut jingpyrkhat jong nga, namar ka la pyrshang ban pyni ïa ka histori jong ka jaitbynriew lyngba ka jingkylla jong ki rukom phong jaiñ ha ki por bapher bapher.
Ha kane ka jingïakop pyni riam, la pyni ïa ki Biate kiba nyngkong eh kiba phong ïa ki jaiñ kiba la shna na ki sla dieng bad na kiwei pat ki mar kiba mih bad ïoh na ka mariang. Hadien kata, la pyni pat ïa ka dur jong ki por kiba mynta, ha kaba ki shynrang ki phong patlun bad ka sut, katba ki kynthei ki phong ïa ki jaiñ kiba pynïasoh lang ïa ka rukom phong tynrai bad ka rukom phong jong ki por mynta. Hynrei, ngam pat sngewskhem ba kane ka jingpyni ka long kaba ïahap pura bad ka histori kaba shisha jong ki. Ha ka jingsngewthuh jong nga, ka paw kumba ki dang pynneh ïa ka dur jinglong tynrai jong ki jaitbynriew trai ri trai muluk, kaba la synshar slem bha ïa ki jingïathuhkhana ba pawnam.
Ki Biate ki dei na ka longïing jait-ktien jong ka Sino-Tibetan, kaba la sdang ha ki bynta ba shatei jong ka China, ha ki thaiñ kiba don harud ka wah Huang Ho (Yellow River). Katba ki Khasi pat ki dei na ka longïing jong ka Austro-Asiatic, kaba la ngeit ba ka tynrai jong ka ka don ha ki bynta shathie jong ka China, ha ka thaiñ kaba ka wah Yangtze ka tuid. Kine ki ar tylli ki kynhun ki long napdeng ki kynhun briew kiba la sdang ban rep ban riang naduh ki por mynshuwa ha ka pyrthei. Ki la don ruh ïa ka jingtip ban shna ïa ki khiew khyndew, kaba la don ïa ki dak ki sakhi jong ka jong kane ha Lum Sohpetbneng.
Don ka jingpynshai ba ki Biate ki la long shwa ki nongbeh mrad bad nonglum jingbam na khlaw na btap, hynrei kane ka jingpynshai ka paw kumba kam long kaba dei pura bad kaba thikna. Kum kiwei pat ki jaitbynriew tynrai ha thaiñ mihngi, ha ki bynta ba shathie bad shathie lam mihngi, ki Biate ki shaniah bha ha ka doh mrad bad ki jingthung kiba mih hi na ka mariang. Hynrei, kum shi bynta jong ka kynhun Sino-Tibetan, ki long ruh napdeng ki kynhun nongrep kiba la sdang ban pynsan bad ban thung ïa u krai soh (foxtail millet), uba dei uwei na ki jait kew kiba la rep bun bha ha Asia. Ka thaiñ shatei jong ka China, khamtam ka thaiñ Huang Ho, kaba long ka jaka kaba ïadei bad ka jingsdang jong ki ktien Sino-Tibetan, ka dei ruh kawei na ki jaka ba kongsan tam ha ka pyrthei ha kaba ka rep ka riang ka la sdang bad roi bha. Namarkata, ki Biate, kum ki Khasi, ki dei ki nongrep naduh ki por mynshuwa kulong kumah.
Kawei pat ka jinglap kaba donkam bha na Lum Sohpetbneng ka dei ka jinglap jingshem ïa ki symbai ba la ing-thap jong ki jait jingthung bapher bapher, kiba kynthup ïa u kbalum, sohbroi, sohmylleng, sohriew bad u kynphad. U kynphad u long uba kyrpang bha napdeng kine, namar ka jingdon jong u ka ai jingmut ba ki Khasi ki lah ban la tip lypa ïa ka sap ban thaiñ ïa ki jaiñ naduh ka por ba ki la shong ha ka thaiñ Lum Sohpetbneng. Kane ka sap ka lah ban wan na China, ha kaba ka histori jong ka jingthaiñ jaiñ ka la don la kumba 5,000 snem mynshuwa, katba ka jingthaiñjaiñ da ki sai ryndia ka la sdang kumba 3,500 snem mynshuwa. Ki Biate, kiba ruh mih na kajuh ka thaiñ, ki lah ban tip ïa ka sap ban thaiñ jaiñ, wat ïa ka jingthaiñ jaiñ da ki sai ryndia ruh, shuwa ba kin sdang ban wan hiar shaphang shathie lam sepngi jong ka dewbah Asia. Namarkata, ka long kaba eh ban pdiang ba ki Biate ki ju phong tang ïa ki jaiñ kiba la thaiñ na ki sla dieng. Kham lah ban ngeit ba ki la pyndonkam ïa ki jaiñ kiba la shna bad thain na u kynphad lane na kiwei pat ki jait ksai kiba lah ban thaiñ.
Namarkata, ka jingpyni riam kaba la pynlong ha kane ka jingïalang ka paw kumba ka dang pynneh ïa kawei ka dur kaba la ju don lypa ha ka imlang sahlang kata, ka jingmut ba ki jaitbynriew tynrai ki long kiba dang sahdien bad kiba shaniah pura ha ka mariang. Kane ka jingpynpaw kam long kaba ïahap bad ka histori kaba shisha. Ki jaitbynriew trai ri trai muluk kum ki Khasi bad ki Biate ki long ki nongrep kiba la don ka jingtip kaba khraw shaphang ka rep ka riang. Ki la tip ban pynsan ïa u khaw bad u krai, kiba long ki ar tylli na ki jingbam ba kongsan bha ha dewbah Asia. Ki la don ruh ïa ka jingtip ban shna khiew khyndew bad ban thaiñ jaiñ, kaba dawa ïa ka jingnang jingstad bad ka jingtip kaba kyrpang. Kine ki jingtip bad jingpynmih thymmai ki la long ki nongrim kiba kongsan ha ka jingroi jong ki shnong bad ki sor ha ki thaiñ Mihngi, shathie lam mihngi bad ha ki bynta ba shathie jong ka dewbah Asia. Nga kyrmen ba ha ki por ban wan, ka jingïathuh ïa ka histori jong ki Biate kan mih noh na ki jingmut jong ka jinglong tynrai ba shisha bad kan pyni ïa ka kolshor bad ka histori kaba shisha jong ki.
Ki Khasi ki dei ki jaitbynriew kiba la wan nyngkong eh sha ka thaiñ lam mihngi jong ka ri India bad ha Meghalaya, bad la ngeit ba kane ka jingwan ka la jia kumba 5,000-6000 snem mynshuwa. Katba ki Biate pat, katkum ka jingthoh jong u B. Pakem, uba la long teng u Vice-Chancellor barim jong ka NEHU bad uba la long ruh u Myntri ka tnat Pule Puthi barim, u thoh ba ki la wan rung sha Jaiñtia Hills ha ka spah snem kaba 13 spah, kata palat 800 snem mynshuwa. Kane ka la jia jan 300 snem shuwa ka jingsdang jong ka Hima Jaiñtiapur, kaba la mih hadien ba ka Hima Sutnga ka la jop ïa ka Jaiñtiapur.
Katkum ka jingthoh jong u Fabian Lyngdoh ha u snem 2024,kaba kyrteng “Solving Tribal Boundary Issues: The Ancestors’ Way”, ïa ki Biate la tip ruh da ka kyrteng Hadem. Ka jingïathuhkhana pateng jong ki Synteng ka ïathuh shaphang uwei u nongïaleh thma Hadem uba kyrteng U Khongweng Myllep, uba ju pynsheptieng ïa ki briew jong ka shnong Raliang. Wat ki nongïaleh thma jong ka Hima Jaiñtiapur ruh kim lah ban jop ïa u haduh ba u hi u la rai ban kynriah noh sha ka ri jong u shiliang ka wah Kupli. Haduh mynta ruh, ki Biate ki dang shong ha North Cachar Hills, kaba don shiliang ka wah Kupli. Kane ka pyni ba ki Biate ki la don lypa ha ka por jong ka Hima Jaiñtiapur, bad ki Biate kiba shong ha kane ka liang jong ka Kupli khamtam ha Saipung ki lah ban don hapoh ka jingsynshar jong ki Syiem Khasi.
Ka kyrteng jong ki Biate kaba la ïoh hadien, kata ka Hadem, ka pynshai shuh shuh ïa ka histori jong ka jingdon jong ki. Katkum ki jingïathuhkhana pateng jong ki Bhoi bad Synteng, ha ki por mynshuwa don uwei u Syiem Hadem, kata, u nongïalam jong ki Hadem. Wat haduh mynta ruh, ka don kawei ka shnong ha Ri Bhoi kaba kyrteng ka Kor Hadem, kaba mut ka jaka shongthait jong ki Hadem ha ki por mynshuwa. Kane ka pyni ba ki Biate ki la roi bad jyllei bha ka jaka ba ki shong ha ki por mynshuwa, ka la poi wat haduh Ri Bhoi, shuwa ba ki bynta kiba bun jong ki kin sah ha Saipung.
Ka long kaba sngewtynnad ruh ban tip ba ka kyntien Khasi na ka bynta u riewhadem ka wan na artylli ki kyntien “riew” bad “Hadem”, kaba mut “ki briew jong Hadem”. Katba ha ka kyntien Pnar na ka bynta u riewhadem, Sohrew, ka paw kumba ha ki por mynshuwa ka kdew ïa ki ummat jong u sohriew. Namar ba u riewhadem la pynsan nyngkong ha ki thain shatei lam sepngi jong ka Mexico kumba 9,000-10,000 snem mynshuwa bad la wanrah sha thain shathie lam mihngi jong ka dewbah Asia da ki nongkhaïi na Europe ha ka spah snem kaba 15, ka lah ban long ba ki Biate, lane Hadem, ki dei ka kynhun kaba la wanrah ïa u riewhadem sha ri Khasi, kiba katkum ka rukom rep tynrai jong ki kim ju rep ïa u. Kane ka jingïadei jong ki jaitbynriew ka lah ban sah kynmaw lyngba ka kyrteng kaba la ai na u jingthung.
Da kaba pynshong nongrim ha ki khanatang ki khana pateng, ki jingwad bniah bad ki jingthoh na ki histori, ki Biate ki lah ban wan poi ha ka jaka ba ki don mynta hapdeng 600 bad 800 snem mynshuwa. Ka long kaba thikna ba ki la don hangne ym duna ïa 500 snem mynshuwa, ha ka por ba ka Hima Jaintiapur ka la mih na Hima Sutnga. Kane ka pyni ïa ka Biate kawei na ki jaitbynriew trai ri trai muluk kaba la rim tam ha ka jylla.
Namarkata, ka long kaba ïahap ba kum kawei na ki jaitbynriew riewlum kiba la don lypa ha ka jylla naduh ki por mynshuwa, ki Biate ki don ïa ka nongmihkhmat ha ka Ïing Dorbar jong ka Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council (JHADC), ha kaba la bhah kyrpang ïa kawei ka konstitwensi na ka bynta jong ki. Kane ka long ka jingïada kaba kham kyrpang ban ïa kiwei pat ki kynhun jaitbynriew ritpaid ha ka jylla, kum ki Karbi, Tiwa, Hajong bad Rabha, kiba ym don ïa ka jingbuh kyrpang na ka bynta jong ki ha KHADC, JHADC lane GHADC. Watla ha ki por ba la leit noh la don ki nongmihkhmat na kine ki kynhun kum u E. Teron, u MDC Karbi na Nongjngi konstitwensi ha ka samoi kaba mynta, ym don kawei pat ka kynhun jaitbynriew lait noh ki Khasi bad ki Biate kiba don nongmihkhmat ha KHADC bad JHADC. Ha ka jingshisha, ka Sorkar Jylla, ryngkat bad ka KHADC, JHADC bad GHADC, ki la pyrshah ïa ka jingthmu ban kynthup ïa ki jaitbynriew bym don nongmihkhmat kata, ki Bodo-Kachari, Hajong, Koch, Mann bad Rabha, ha ka jingthmu pynkylla ba la tyrwa sha ka Khyrnit ba Hynriew jong ka Riti Synshar ka ri India.
Nga ngeit ba ki kynhun jaitbynriew ritpaid ki dei ban ïoh ka bynta ban don ki nongmihkhmat ha ki Autonomous District Councils, kumjuh ruh nga kwah ba ki Khasi kin ïoh ïa ka bynta ban don nongmihkhmat ha Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC) ha Assam bad ha kiwei pat ki jylla ba ki Khasi ki shong ki sah, kum ha Manipur, Tripura bad Mizoram. Ki Biate ki la dawa ruh ïa ka jingshna ïa ka Regional Council hapoh ka JHADC, khnang ban ïada ïa ki hok longtrai, ka kolshor bad ki jinglong ba kyrpang jong ka jaitbynriew jong ki. Kane ka jingdawa ka long kaba don nongrim shisha, namar ka jaitbynriew Biate ka dang sahdien haba ïanujor bad ki Khasi bad Garo ha ki katto katne ki dak jong ka jingroi ha ka liang ka imlang sahlang bad ka ïoh ka kot.
Ngi dei ban sumar bad ïada ïa ki jaitbynriew ritpaid jong ngi hi, lada ngi kwah ba kiwei pat kin ïada ïa ki briew jong ngi kiba long kynhun ritpaid ha ki ri ne ka jylla jong ki. Tang lyngba kane, ngi lah ban tei bad pynroi ïa ka jingïasuk bad jingïa-sngewthuh jingmut hapdeng ki jaitbynriew tynrai bad ban ïada ïalade na ki jingeh kiba kham khraw, kum ki ain kiba lah ban ktah ïa ki kynhun ritpaid kum ka CAA bad ka jingwan rung khlem pud jong ka pisa bad ki kam jong ki kompeni sha ki jaka jong ngi. Kito kiba pynïaid ïa kine ki jingthmu ki lah ban kwah ba ngi ïaknieh ïashrut bad ïapher hapdeng ma ngi hi, khnang ba kin ïoh lad ban shim ïa kiei kiei baroh kiba don ha ka ri jong ngi da kaba suk. Namarkata, ka jingïarap ïa ki Biate ban pynneh pynsah ïa ka kolshor jong ki, ban kyntiew ïa ka pule puthi bad ban pynkiew ïa ka jingim ka roi ka par ha ka liang ka ïoh ka kot bad ka imlang sahlang, ka lah ban long kawei na ki sienjam kiba donkam bad ba kongsan tam ban ïada ïa ka lawei jong ngi baroh, kumjuh ban pynskhem ruh ïa ka jingïatylli hapdeng jong ngi. Ngi kyrmen ba kane kan urlong noh ha ki por kiba wan.
(Ki jingmut kiba la pynpaw ha kane ka artikel ki dei ki jingmut jong u nongthoh hi bad kim pynpaw, ha kano kano ka rukom, ïa ka jingïadei jong u bad kano kano ka seng, kynhun, ne ki tnat treikam bapher bapher)
