W. L. Lyngdoh IAS (Retd.)
Ki soh ki kwai, ki syntiew ki skud, ka spah ka phew ka Mariang, ka Mei – ramew bad ki lum ki wah jong ki Ri Lum ka Shatei Lam Mihngi (North East) ka Ri India ki pynphuh pynphieng da ka rong ka rup ba itynnad ïa ka thaiñ baroh kawei. Ki ranab lum ba bteng na ki lum Makashang (Himalaya) sha North East ki pur itynnad ban long kyrpang ïa ki kshaid ba noh rymphum ha ki Ri lum bad ka jinglong ba kham pher ki Nongshong Shnong jong ki Jaitbynriew Riewlum – (Unique Indigenous Tribes). Ki Longshuwa bad ki Manshuwa ki ong ba “Katba ki Riewlum ki dang bat skhem bad ïeng rasong ha ka hok longbriew manbriew, ki Riti-Dustur, ka Synshar- Khaddar ha la ka jong ka Ri bad ki bat skheem ïa ka jinglong trai ïa ka khyndew ka shyiap, ki lum ki wah, ka Jaitbynriew kan im”. Ha ka snem 1921, ka Sorkar Phareng ka la ithuh ïa u Rev. J.J.M Nichols Roy kum u nongïasaid jong ki Riewlum ha ka jylla Assam Province ka Ri India kaba kynthup ïa ka North East India, East Bengal & West Bengal ban iada ia ki rit paid ha ka jinglong kyrpang jong ki.
Ka Sorkar Phareng ka la ñiewkor ïa ka jingstad bad jingshemphang u Rev.J J M Nichols Roy kum u khraw pyskhat jong ki rit paid ki Riewlum jong ka Assam Province kyrpang ïa kiba shong basah ha North East India bad ka la thung ïa u kum u Nongmih Khmat jong ki Riewlum ka Ri India ha ka Assam Governor’s Council ha ka snem 1921. U Rev. J J M Nichols Roy u dei ruh u Khristan Banyngkong bad Nongmihkhmat Riewlum Banyngkong ba la shah jied sha ka Assam Province Legislative Assembly ha ka snem 1937 namar ki jingïasaid jong u ban ïada ïa ka riti synshar – khaddar ba kham kyrpang jong ki rit Paid Riewlum.
U Rev. James Joy Mohan Nichols Roy u dei tang ma u, u Khristan uba long Minister ka Assam Province naduh ka 1stApril, 1937 hapoh ka jingïalam u Md. Saadullah kum u Prime Minister, Assam Province jong ka Sorkar Phareng. U J J M Nichols Roy u la ioh ban bat ïa ki tnad trei kam Medicines (Health ba mynta) bad Local-Self Government (Tribal Affairs mynta). U la bteng kum u Minister Roads, Jails, etc. naduh 11th February, 1946 ter ter. Ha ka Cabinet meeting por Sorkar Phareng, ki paralok Minister jong ka Muslim-League ki la ïa ksaid tyngeh ban pyn ïasoh ïa ka Assam Province baroh kawei kiba kynthup ïa ka West Bengal bad East Bengal (Bangladesh mynta) ha ka Pakistan. U Rev. J J M Nicsols Roy u la pyrshah radbah (Strongly opposed) ïa ka jingpyrshang ki Muslim Laegue. U da ïeng rangbah ba ka Assam Province kan dei hapoh ka India. Ha ka por ba la ioh Independece, la phiah noh tang ïa ka East Bengal sha ka Pakistan bad la tip ïa ka kum ka East Pakistan. Kane ka dei ka jingkhraw u BahJames Joy Mohan Nichols Roy). Ka Ri India jong kato ka por ka ju tip ïa u kum U Khraw Pyrkhat ki Riewlum ka Ri India (Pionneer of TribalsRights in India)uba la mait shaphrang ban ïada ïa ka hok nongkynti jong ka jinglong kyntang ka Ri bad ki Jaitbynriew Riewlum ka Ri India.
Haba ka Ri India ka la ioh ïa ka Jinglaitluid (Independence) ha ka 15th August,1947, ki Nongïalam ka Ri India kiba kynthup ia U Mahatma Gandhi – Father of the Nation, Rajendra Prasad -President of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru – Prime Minister of India,Vallabhbhai Patel – Home Minister of India, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar – Father & Chief Architect of Constitution of India and also Chairman of Drafting Committee for The Constitution Of India bad kiwei ki la jied ia U
Rev. J J M Nichols Roy kum u Member, Constituent Assembly ban ai jingmut bad thoh (draft) ïa ki Aiñ Ki Kanun ka Constitution ka Ri India kyrpang ïa ki jingïada ïa ki Riewlum ka North Eastern India. Kine ki aiñ ki long ban ïada ïaka Synshar-Khaddar ki Riewlum dalade ïalade, ban long trai ïa ki khyndew ki shyiap, ki lum ki wah, ka jingdon jingem, ka spah ramew junom la junom. ïa ka Jingthoh U Bah Joy la pynrung bad buh ryntih ha ka Constitution kum ka Sixth Schedule ha ka Article 244(2) bad Article 275(1). Kane ka dei ka jingkyrkhu ba maïan Blei ïa ki Riewlum ka North East, kyrpang ïaka Meghalaya ba la saiñdur ha ki mawlyngkhiap ka Constitution ka Ri India. Ka Ri India baroh kawei ka la ithuh ïa u Rev. J.J.M Nichols Roy kum U KPA KA SIXTH SCHEDULE (FATHER OF SIXTH SCHEDULE). La ju tip ruh da ki Nongïalam ka Ri India kum u Chief Architect of Sixth Schedule. Ka Sixth Schedule ka long ban pynlong ïa ki Autonomous District Councils, Reginal Councils da kaba pynkup bor ban donka Dorbar Thaw Aiñ (Legislative), Iing Bishar (Juducial) ryngkat bad ka pla tyngka- pisa (financial) ba kin lah ban synshar da lade ïalade (Self – Governance) ban ïada ïa ka Riti-Dustur (Cultures), ka Khyndew kaShyiap, ka Lum ka Wah (Land), Imlang Sahlang(Social) bad ka Ioh ka Kot(Economic Interest).
Ha ka jing pyntrei kam ïa ka Constitution ka Ri India naduh 26th January, !950, kat kum ka Sixth Schedule, la pynmih ïa ka Notification ha ka snem 1951-1952 ban pynlong ïa 10 tylli ki Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) ha Assam. Hadien ba la phiah ïa ka Assamsha ki bynta ka North East, la bate Assam-3, Meghalaaya-3, Mizoram-3 bad Tripura-1. Ki don ruh ki ADCs ba la notify da ka State Legislation ha West Bengal bad kiwei ki Jylla North East ki bym dei kat kum ka Sith Schedule. Ka Sixth Schedule ka pynkup bor ïa ki ADCsban ïada ïa ki hok synshar-khaddar ki Riewlum da lade ïa lade kat kum ki Riti-Dustur,ka jing longtrai ïa ka khyndew ka Bri bad ki jingdon jingem baroh.Ka Khyndew, ka Spah Mariang bad Mei-Ramew ka dei u Thied Snam ka Jingim ka Ri bad ka Jaitbynriew ki Riewlum ka Shatei-Lam-Mihngi ka Ri India kyrpang ia ka Meghalaya. Man i mynsiem i don ka jingïadei ha une u Thied Snam ha kaba ngi ïa tei para briew ha ka longbriew manbriew. Une u Thied Snam u dei ka dawai ïa ngi ha ki bynta baroh ha ka roi ka par. ka jinglong trai ki Riewlum ïa la ka Ri, kan ai jingim ia ka Jaitbynriew junom la junom. Ai ba ki aiñ ïada kin long skhem khlem da pynsynjor. Dei ban khmih biang(review) ïa ki jingpynsynjor (amendments) jong ka Meghalaya Land TransferACT naduh mynshuwa haduh mynta. Ka jingai jaka ban seng kam seng jam da ki Company nongwei kin long thikna na ka bynta ban pynroi bad ban ai jaka ïa ki briew lajong. Pyntrei kam ïa ki jingthmu u JJM Nichols Roy.
Ha Meghalaya, ki Autonomous Diastrict Council kum ka KHADC, GHDC bad JHDC ki dei ban bat skhem ïa ka jingïada ïa ki hok tynrai ki rit Paid Riewlum. Ka jingmut ba lah ban pashat ka long ban pyrkhing bha kat kum ki Aiñ Khyndew ha ka kot u K. Cantlie ICS -Ka Aiñ u Khasi ba la pynkylla sha ka ktien Khasi da u Theodore Cajee, CEM barim jong KHADC,1964 bad The Meghalaya Land And Revenue Manual,1989 da u J.M. Phira IAS ( Land & Land Revenue Series – vol. II ). Ban long trai ïa la ka jong ka Ri da ki pateng junom la junom, dei ban don ka Special Committee on Land Allotment ka ban khlieh da U Chief Minister ka Jylla bad ki Dkhot kin long ki Minister ba dei bynta, MLAs bad CEM,MDCs, NGOs Riewlum, Leader of opposition, Bureaucrats concerned, Syiem, Daloi bad Rangbah Shnong / Dorbar Shnong ba don bynta bad kiba don ka jingkit khlieh bad ieit ïa ka Ri bad Jaitbynriew. Ka Meghalaya Land Allotment Committee kan bishar bniah (review) ïa ka Single Window ba kan nym ktah ïa ka jinglong trai ha la ka Ri jong ki Pateng kiba hadien. Ka Jingaiwai (Lease) kam dei ban palat ïa ka 20 (arphew)snem khnang ban nym ai lad ban long trai shyrta da ki Company nongwei.
U JJM Nichols Roy u la long u Minister hadien ba ngi la ioh Independence ruh tad haduh ka 22nd April, 1957 bad ula pyndep bun ki kam ki bakhraw naka bynta ka Ri bad ka Jaitbynriew khamtam ha ka roi ka par, ka jinglong trai ïa ka Bri ka Basa bad ka jingñiew kyrpang kum ki Scheduled Tribe ka Ri India ban ïada bad ithuh kyrpang ïa ka Riti-Dustur ki Riewlum (Practice, Culture, Rights and Land Tenure System of Tribals in North-East kyrpang ïa ki Riewlum ka Meghalaya). Ban ïada bad nym mushlia da kiwei ki bor. Ki Bor khmihkat kum ka Sixth Schedule kin ri kin sumar ïa ki hok Tynrai ki Riewlum pateng la pateng. Ka jingstad bad ka jingtrei shitom bashlur kum u Khraw pyrkhat ba iohi jngai (Statesmanship) jong une u Radbah ka long ka jingkyrkhu bah ïa ngi ki longdien mandien. U Bah Joy (ba ngi ju khot ieij) um ju rem Election kum u nongmihkhmat haduh ki sngi ba um da khlaiñ bha shuh ha u snem 1957. Ka jingkhraw jong u ka dei ba u ieit ïa la ka Ri bad ka Jaitbynriew ha baroh ki Ri lum bad Ri thor khamtam ki thaiñ Ri war jong ka Khasi bad Jaiñtia. Lajan baroh ki longïing ki ieit bad burom ïa u namar une u Khraw Pyrkhat haba u dang khynnah samla u ju ïaid da ka kjat sha ki Ri Lum, Ri Thor, ki thaiñ Ri War Shella, Pynursla, Dawki bad shawei u iohi ba bun ki sohñiamtra, ki kait ki Latyrpad, mawshun bad kiwei, kiba shu hap lehnohei ha madan. U Bah Joy u la ïa syllok bad ki briew ba shemphang ban seng ïa ka UNITED FRUIT COMPANY ha Byrni Hat, Them Ri-Bhoi kaba jan sha Guwahati (Kwai Hat) ban pynpoi ïa baroh ki jingthung jingtep ban shalan shabar ban pynkiew ïa ka ioh ka kot ki Nongrep. Kane ka dei ka Company ba banyngkong ka jylla Meghalaya.Ka la pynmih ruh ïa ka Umsoh ‘Unifcora’ kaba la ïaid ïew sha baroh ka Ri India. Kane ka Companyka don bun ki trok ba pynpoi ïa ki mar ki mata na tyllong sha baroh ki jaka kum Sylhet, Chatak, Guwahati bad shawei.
La kha ia u James Mohan Nichols Roy ha ka 12th June, 1884 ha Mawsyiarwait, Shella – East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya. U dei u khun jong u Khajendra Mohan Roy (ju khot Khan Than ) bad ka Rimai Syiemlieh kaba na ka shnong Khapmaw, Shella. U la khlad sha la U Trai sha ka Ri ka jingsuk junom la junom ha ka 01st November, 1959. Ai burom ia u Rev. J.J.M Nichols Roy, u khun na ka kpoh ka Jylla Meghlaya bad ban ai ka burom sngewnguh namar u la long u daw bah jong ki jingkyrkhu na ka bynta ka Ri bad ka Jaitbynriew Riewlum ban ngin long trai ha la ka Ri junom la junom.
Na ka daw ba radbah jong u ‘Kpa ka Sixth Schedule’-Rev J.J.M. Nichols Roy, la sngew dei ban ai burom sngewnguh da kaba pynbna State Holiday ha ka Sngi Kha 12th June, 1884 ne Sngi Khlad 1st November, 1959 da ka Sorkar Meghalaya.
