Bah Kitdor H. Blah
Kane ka phang jong ka jingpynthymmai ïa ka bhah thungkam katkum ka jingdon paid ka la long mynta kawei na ki mat (issue) kiba lah ïoh jingmihkhmat bha ha ka jingïathir paidbah, la ka long ha ki kotkhubor Khasi ne Phareng, ne ha ki kiwei ki lad pathai khubor kiba thymmai, ne ha ki rynsan jong ki jingïatyrko paidbah.
Ki mat jong kane ka phang kiba la ïoh bynta ha kane ka jingïathir paidbah lyngba ki lad pathai khubor bad ki jingïatyrko paidbah ha ki rynsan bapher bapher, ki long: ka jingpynshong nongrim ïa ka bhah thungkam katkum ka jingdon paid, ki rai jong ka Ïingkashari Supreme Court halor ka bhah thungkam, ka jingbthah jong ka Ïingkashari ka jylla (Meghalaya High Court) ban wanrah ïa ka Roster kaba biang, ka jingïatyngkhuh hapdeng ka O.M. tarik 10.05.2022 bad ka Resolution tarik 12.01.1972, ka jingpyntreikam ïa ka Roster da kaba pynïadep naduh ki por ba la lah, ka jinglong jingman jong ka 100 point Roster bad ka jingbymlah jong ka ban shim jingkheiñ katkum ka para 2 bad para 3 jong ka Resolution tarik 12.01.1972, ka jingbymlah jong ka O.M. bathymmai tarik 14.06.2023 ban kyntiew ïa ka para 2 jong ka Resolution tarik 12.01.1972 lymne ban shim jingkheiñ ïa ka para 3 jong kata ka Resolution, bad kiwei kiwei. Te shaphang kine, ngan ym thoh shuh mynta.
Kane kam dei shuh ka mat kaba thymmai. Naduh ki 30 snem mynshuwa, wat ha ki 20 snem mynshuwa, kane ka phang ka la long kawei na ki jingïakhih jong ki Sengbhalang bad ka jingthoh jong ki nongthoh. Lehse, ngi kiba dang ïathir ïathoh mynta ngi don ha kaba kut (tail end) jong kane ka jingïathir. Nga ong ba lehse, ngi don ha kaba kut jong kane ka jingïathir, namar mynta, ka sorkar ka la pyntyllun ïa ka jingpynthymmai ïa ka bhah thungkam jong ka jylla da kaba thung ïa ka Committee jong baroh ki seng saiñpyrthei, bad kane ka Committee ka la ai jingmut sha ka sorkar ban thung da ka Expert Committee jong kita ki ‘riewshemphang ha ki bynta bapher bapher, ban ai jingmut kylla pat. Nga dei ban ai khublei ïa ka seng saiñpyrthei kaba thymmai kaba lah pyndonkam hok ïa ki buit ki bor jong ka synshar paidbah ban pynbor ïa ka sorkar ban ïakren halor kane ka phang bad ruh ïa ka sorkar ba ka la sngap ïa ka mon jong u paidbah bad shim ïa ka jingai jingmut jong kane ka seng saiñ pyrthei. Te hynrei, kane ka khep bad ka kynti kaba mynta pat ka wanrah ïa kawei pat ka jingpynthut bad diengpyngkiang ha ka dur jong ka jingshim kabu, bad namar kata, ka jingïathir kaba mynta ruh ka long kaba kongsan bha, namar lada ngim sngewthuh shai ïa ka nongrim, ka jingïathir bad ka jingïakhih kaba lah ïaid da ki phew snem, ka lah ban shah pynkyllaiñ bad shah pulom noh ha kane ka jingshim kabu. Lehse, kane ka jingïathir ha kane ka khep kaba mynta ka long kaba kongsan tam, namar ngi la jan ïoh ïa u soh, hynrei ka jingkylli ka long u soh uba kumno ngin ïoh, la u dei u soh na u tnat dieng uba ngi la thung la pynsan ne u soh na u tnat dieng khlaw uba ngi khlem thung ngi khlem pynsan.
Kane ka jingshim kabu ha kane ka kynti kaba mynta ka long ka jingjyllei jong ki jingdawa bhah thungkam ki bym don nongrim. Kaba nyngkong, ki la mih ki sur na ki katto katne ki nongthoh jong ka jylla, kiba la buh jingkylli, hato mano ba kham dei hok ban ïoh ïa ka bhah thungkam, ki Garo ne ki Khasi? Ka jingmut jong kine ki nongthoh ka long ba lada ngi pynlong ïa ki jingthew halor ka ïoh ka kot, ka pule ka dangle, ka imlang ka sahlang, ngin lap ba ki kynhun Garo ki kham duna lane sahdien ban ïa ki Khasi, bad halor kane, ki Garo ki kham dei hok ban ïoh ïa ka bhah thungkam ban ïa ki Khasi. Kaba ar, ka la mih ka sur na kawei ka seng Anti Corruption League kaba la dawa 4% bhah thungkam na ka bynta kawei ka kynhun niam ha kane ka jylla. Kaba lai, ki lah mih ki jingdawa ban pynduh bhah noh ïa kita ki dkhot jong ka jaitbynriew kiba la kham kiew ha ki liang baroh, da kaba buh ïa ki ha kata ka kynhun “Creamy Layer.” Kaba saw, ki la mih ki jingdawa ban wanrah ka bhah kaba kham kyrpang na ka bynta kita kiba kham duna ha ka ïoh ka kot da kaba buh ïa ki ha ka kynhun “Economically Weaker Section.” Kaba san, ki la mih pat ki jingdawa ban mang ïa ka bhah thungkam kham bun sha kita ki district kiba kham duna ha ka ïoh ka kot, ka pule ka dangle, bad ka imlang sahlang. Kaba hynriew, ka la mih ka sur jingdawa na kita kiwei pat ki jaitbynriew Scheduled Tribes ka jylla, kata ki Hajong, ki Rabha, ki Koch, ki Bodo, ki Kachari bad ki Mann Tai, lyngba kata ka kynhun thymmai, ka Meghalaya Indigenous Minority Tribes. Kane ka kynhun ka la dawa 15% bhah thungkam naka bynta kine ki jaitbynriew ha kane ka kynhun.
Te kine baroh ki long ki sur jingdawa kiba kham pher na ka jingïathir halor kane ka phang kaba la ïaid da ki phew snem mynta, bad kiba long man ki jingpynthut ïa kata ka jingdawa hok kaba la pynpoi ïa ngi shaduh kane ka khep kaba mynta. Te hynrei, ngi lah ban kyllum lang ïa kine ki jingdawa baroh ha kawei, namar ki don ïa kajuh ka nongrim. Bad haba ngi sngewthuh ïa , ka nongrim jong kine ki jingdawa thymmai kan paw long kaba bakla bad ka bym don ïa ka hok. Te kumta, ngin ïa khmih hangne kaei ka nongrim jong ka bhah thungkam ha ka Constitution jong ka Ri India, bad hato kine ki sur jingdawa kiba thymmai ki don ïa kajuh ka nongrim. Ynda ngi la dep khmih ïa kine ki ar tylli ki mat, ka jubab kan shai bad ki nongpule kin long kiba la pynkupbor kumno ban bishar pat ïa ka jingai jingmut ka ban sa mih na kata ka Expert Committee.
Ka nongrim jong ka bhah thungkam ha ka Ri India ka long ka Article 16(4) jong ka Constitution kaba ong: “Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.” Ka dei kane ka bynta jong ka Constitution kaba pynkhamti ha ka Jylla ïa ka bor ban buh ka bhah thung kam na bynta ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba sahdien, katkum ka jingstad jong kata ka Jylla. Te ka jingkylli ka long ka mut aïu ka kyntien “backward?” Ka Supreme Court, ha u snem 2005, ha ka case “Ashoka Kumar Thakur Vs Union of India” ka la pynskhem ba ka jingmut jong ka kyntien ‘backward’ kam mut ka jingsahdien tang ha ka roi ka por, ne ka ïoh ka kot, hynrei ka thew kyllum ïa ka jingsahdien ha ka imlang sahlang, ka ïoh ka kot bad ka pule ka dangle, namar ba ha ka Ri India hi, ka jingsahdien ha ka ïoh ka kot bad ka pule ka dangle, ka ïaid ryntih lang bad ka jingsahdien ha ka imlang sahlang, namar kane ka jingsahdien ka la shong nongrim ha kata ka Caste System jong ka jingngeit jong ki. Te ngim lah ban pharïa ïa ka jingsahdien jong ki kynhun ‘backward classes’ sha ka jingsahdien ha ka ïoh ka kot, ne ha ka pule ka dangle, ne ha ka imlang ka sahlang, hynrei ka jingsahdien jong kine ki kynhun ka hap lang beit ha ka jingsahdien ha ka imlang sahlang, kaba shong tynrai ha kata ka jingshah kyntait ha ka imlang sahlang (social backwardness is rooted in social discrimination).
Ha kaba ïadei bad ki Scheduled Tribes pat, ne kita ki ‘riewlum, ngi hap ban sngewthuh ïa ka histori jong ka jinglong sahdien ka jong ngi. Ki Scheduled Tribes ki dei kita ki jaitbynriew kiba ka jinglong tynrai ka jong ki ka long ba ki shong ki sah ha ki jaka kiba long la ka jong na kiwei pat ki jaitbynriew bad ka rukom im ka jong ki ka long laka jong na kiwei ki jaitbynriew. Ka jinglong sahdien ka jong ki ka shong tynrai ha ka jinglong la ka jong ka jong ki na kiwei ki jaitbynriew jong ka Ri haka imlang sahlang bad ka jinglong la ka jong, jong ki jaka kiba ki shong ki sah (social exclusion & geographical isolation). Haduh mynta, kam don kino kino ki kyndon (criteria) ki ban batai mano ba dei ki Scheduled Tribes, bad ka sorkar India ruh kam shim lah bun kum kita ki kyndon, hynrei ka jinglong jingman jong ki Scheduled Tribes ha ka histori jong ka Ri India hi, ka long ba ki dei kiba long laka jong na kiwei ki jaitbynriew (social isolation), ki ri lum ba ki shong ki sah ki long la ka jong na ka Ri baroh kawei (geographical isolation), ki don la ki jong ki rukom im bad ki riti ki dustur (distinct culture), bad ka histori jong ki ka long shabar jong ka Ri hi baroh kawei. Kine ki lum shatei lam mihngi jong ka Ri India, ki lah long kita ki “backward tracts” bad kita ki “excluded areas” lane “partially excluded areas” katkum ka Government of India Act, 1919 bad ka Government of India Act, 1935. Te ngi ïohi ba ka jinglong sahdien jong ki, ka shong nongrim beit haka jingsahdien haka imlang ka sahlang (social backwardness).
Dei na kane ka daw, ba ka jingmut jong ka kyntien ‘backwardness’ ha ka Article 16(4) jong ka Constitution ka kham ïar ban ïa ka jingmut jong ka kyntien ‘backwardness’ ha ka Article 15(4) jong ka Constitution. Kumba ngi lah ïohi haneng, ka Article 16(4) ka pynkhamti ha ki Jylla ïa ka bor ban buh ka bhah thungkam na bynta kita ki kynhun sahdien ha ki jylla jong ki. Ka Article 15(4) pat ka pynkhamti ha ki State ne Jylla ïa ka bor ban wanrah ïa kino kino ki kyndon ki ban kyntiew ïa ki jaitbynriew kiba sahdien ha ka imlang sahlang bad ka pule ka dangle, bad ruh ïa kita ki Scheduled Castes bad Scheduled Tribes. Kaba mut ba, ka jinglong sahdien jong ki Scheduled Castes bad Scheduled Tribes ha ka Article 15(4) ka ïapher na kata ka jingsahdien ha ka imlang ka sahlang bad ka pule ka dangle jong kiwei pat ki kynhun ha ka Article 15(4). Ka Article 15(4) hi ka buh ïa ka jingsahdien ha ka imlang sahlang bad ka pule ka dangle jong kino kino ki kynhun, la ka jong na ka jingsahdien jong ki Scheduled Castes bad Scheduled Tribes. Bad ïa kane la pynskhem da ka rai jong ka Supreme Court tarik 16.11.1992 ha ka case “Indra Sawhney vs Union of India.” Ha ka para 88A jong kane ka rai tarik 16.11.1992, ha ka mat (e) jong kane ka para, ka Supreme Court ka la rai kumne: “It is not correct to say that the backward class contemplated by Article 16(4) is limited to the socially and educationally backward classes referred to in Article 15(4) and Article 340. It is much wider. The test or requirement of social and educational backwardness cannot be applied to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, who indubitably fall within the expression “backward class of citizens.” The accent in Article 16(4) appears to be on social backwardness.” Te hangne, ngi ïohi ba ka jingpharia ïa ka jinglong sahdien jong ki ‘riewlum ne ki Scheduled Tribes katkum ka pule ka dangle, ne ka imlang sahlang, ne ka ïoh ka kot ka long ka bym ïadei bad ka nongrim jong ka Article 16(4) namar ki Scheduled Tribes ki dei beit kita ki jaitbynriew sahdien kiba khlem artatien shuh bad ki long kiba sahdien ha ka imlang sahlang hi, bad ym donkam ban dang hap ban pharia ne thew ïa kata jingsahdien jong ki da ki jingthew ha ka ïoh ka kot, ne ka pule ka dangle.
Te halor kane ka jingsngewthuh ïa ka nongrim jong ka Article 16(4), bad ïa ka jinglong sahdien ha ka imlang sahlang kaba khlem artatien jong ki Scheduled Tribes, bad ka rai jong ka Supreme Court tarik 16.11.1992, ngi ïohi ba kine ki sur jingdawa kiba la kdew haneng, kiba thmu ban pharia shuh shuh ïa ka jinglong Scheduled Tribes jong ngi sha kita kiba kham duna ha ka pule ka dangle ne ha ka ïoh ka kot, ki long ka bym don nongrim ha ka Article 16(4) jong ka Constitution, bad kumta ngi dei ban kyntait mardor ïa ki, namar ka nongrim jong kine baroh kyllum ka long kaba bakla bad ki dei tang ki jingshim kabu bad jingpharia. Shuh shuh, ka jingsahdien jong ki kynhun Garo ne ki katto katne ki district jong ka jylla ha ka pule ka dangle kam dei namar jong kano kano ka jingleh shiliang ha ka imlang sahlang lane social discrimination. Hynrei ka dei beit namar ba kam don ka synshar ka khadar kaba khuid bad kaba suba ha kine ki jaka. Bad kane ka dei kaei kaba kine ki district ki donkam eh, ha kane ka khep kaba mynta.
