M. SYIEM Bad H. L. SYIEMLIEH
(Kaba Bteng na ka 5th Nohprah, 2024)
Ki Syiem Khatsawphra lane ki Syiem Nongkhlaw kumba la kdew ha ki bynta kaba nyngkong bala pynlong bad Seng da u Lyngskhor Sajar Nangli lane u Shajer, u la wan ban pynlong lane seng ïa ka Hima bad arngut ki khun jong U bad don ruh ki nongthoh kiba ïathuh ba ka jingwan ka long lai ngut kata ka Rupatong ka Shaplong bad u Shajer. Kiba lah ban shu kheiñ antad ha ki snem 1524 CE ei ei (Spah snem kiba khatsan spah tam) ki don ha la ki jong ki jong ki rukom thoh bad ki rukom pyrkhat ki bapher bapher, halor kane ka rukom wan jong ki katkum ka Succession to Siemship in the khasi state (Statement Appendix 42) da u Syiem Kine Sing hadien 379 (Laispah hynniew phew khyndai Snem) tylli ki Snem naduh ba la ioh jingkheiñ ïaka jing-sdang jong ka Hima Nongkhlaw lane Hima Khatsawphra, kata da kaba u la ïathuh ba ka long khatsaw pateng shwa ïaka rta jong u Kine Sing bad ban thoh ban buh record haka Snem 1903 bad ai ïaka jingtip (Statement) ha u Capt Herbert uba long U Deputy Commissioner jong ka Khasi bad Jaiñtia Hill ha kato ka por bad la paw ba kam dei kaba suk ïa u Syiem Kine Sing ban ïathuh tang da ka jingkynmaw (Oral) da kaba shu shim na ki jingïathuh khana hiar pateng jong ki Longshwa jong u.
Ka jingsdang jong ki Syiem-Jaiñtia ne Syiem-Sutnga ka sdang ha U snem 500 CE, hynrei ym shym lah ban ïoh ïa ki jingthoh jingtar lane ki record ter ter kat haduh u snem 1500 CE. Lada shim bat sot naduh ki khana puriskam bapher bapher jong ki nongthoh ba kata ka khana ka Weikhyrwi, U Loh-Ryndi bad ka Li-Dkha (Li-Dohkha), Kaba mut ba u Syngklein-Am u khun jong ka Li Dohkha, uba long u Syiem ba Nyngkong bad Ka Rupatong, kumba la kdew haneng kum ka Syiem-Sad kaba Nyngkong ha kata ka por bad hadien kumba 1000 Snem eiei (Shihajar Snem) kawei kaba lah ban sngewthuh ym shym don ïa ka thoh ka tar kaba biang ne ki jingtip kiba lah ban wad bniah shaphang kumno la sdang ïa ka Hima bad u Syiem Sutnga ba Nyngkong u Prabhat Ray Syiem ïa kaba ula synshar ha kato ka por bad ka Nongbah jong u lane ka Hima jong u kata ka Jaiñtiapur bad Nartiang ‘ka Rukom ngeit Niam ha kato ka por ka long ka Niamtre lane ka jingngeit Niamtynrai (Animistic and monotheistic belief) Ka rukom synshar-khadar ha kato ka por ka long ka jingsynshar Syiem (Royal Family/elites) haka Hima baroh kawei ka Sorkar lane ka Jingsynshar Syiem (Monarchy or Tribal Chiefdom) jong ka Hima baroh kawei lah ban Shem ha ki jingthoh bapher bapher kum ka na ki khana ka rukom synshar jong ki Syiem bad ki Syiem Jaiñtia bad Synteng (The Khasi and Jaiñtia Hills in the Bengal Gazetteer 1907)
Lah ban shim jingmut ba ka Kyntien ‘Ray/Roy’, kadei ka kyntien ai burom ïa ki Rangbah Shipai Ahom namar ki Syiem Ahom ki long kiba khlaiñ bor haduh katta katta wat ki Syiem Mugul ruh kim lah ban ïaleh bad ka jingkhlaiñ bor jong ki. Ka jingmut ka kyntien Borgohain lane Gohain, Sing, Singha (Ahom Family Surnames) ka don ka jingmut kaba lah ban Sngewthuh ba ka don ka jingïadei kaba jan bha bad ki Syiem Jaintiapur ha kato ka por bad kine ki Syiem Khatsawphra bad ki Syiem Madur Maskut bad ha ka rukom kynnoh ki briew Khasi-Pnar la khot kumne Markuhain ne Syiem Mujakuhain Sutnga lane Syiem Jaiñtia lane u Syiem Synteng ka kit jingmut bha ïaka Hima Sutnga. U Dr H. Lyngdoh u thoh ba ki Syiem Synteng kim don ïaka Niam lane ka Rukom Tynrai bad ka Snam ha ka jinglong Synteng ka dei ha u Syiem uba synshar kham hadien.
Lah ban Sngewthuh balei la khot ka Hima Syiem-lieh, lane Hima Khadsawphra, kane ka pynpyrkhat ïaka jingmut jong ka lada phai biang ha ka rukom pyrkhat ba u Nongseng ïaka Hima da u Sajar lane Shajer bad kata ka Syiem Sad ba Nyngkong Ka Shaphlong ka thew ïa ka kur ne Longkur Longjait hyndai kumah (The Primal Ancestress) lane ka thew ïa ka khyndew ka shyiap, lane ka thew ïaka Hima ba synshar da u Syiem, ne u Lyngdoh bad ruh kiwei ki rukom Synshar khadar. Ka lah ban jia ba kala don ka jingduhnoh haka rukom hiar pateng ha ka jinglong Syiem ba don hok ban bat iaka synshar khadar bad kala duh noh lane phainoh sha kawei pat ka kpoh lane ki kur ba kham pajih. ka rukom kheiñ ïa ka jingheh jingsan ka long rynïeng ka manrynïeng bad ha ka jingshwa ha ka rta jong u Syiem uba Synshar naka longïing, longsem, longkur, jong ka kpoh Syiem kata kaba lah ban pyrkhat ha pdeng u Tirot Sing uba dei na kawei ka kmie lane ka kpoh bad u Rijon Sing na kawei pat ka kmie lane kaba phiah haka Synshar da kaba pynïapher ïa u pud u sam. (Demarcation or Geographic Jurisdiction or Petty State), U Dr Hamlet Bareh ha ka kot jong u, ‘U Tirot Singh’ bad U Dr Homiwel Lyngdoh haka kot jong u kata ‘Ki Syiem Khasi bad Synteng’ ki Thoh ba ka Hima Syiem-lieh, ka thew ïaka Rukom pyrkhat kiba kit jingmut, lane ki Syiem Nongkhlaw ka thew ïa ki kur ne ki kpoh long Syiem naduh uta u Nongseng iaka Hima Khatsawphra da u Sajar lane Shajer, katkum ki rukom kynnoh bapher bapher da ki Dong ki thaiñ kylleng ki Hima khasi. Katba kiwei ki Hima kum Ka Hima Maharam, Langrin ka thew ïaka jinglong ki kpoh Syiem-lieh bad Syiem-iong haka rta bad jong kato ka kpoh long Syiem lane u Syiem Rangbah bad Syiem-khynnah kiba pynïapher na ka longïing, nuksa kum ka Hima Maram, U Kohringap u Kynja Syiem Nongkrem uba la poi ban wan buhai Shnong sha ki Thaiñ Sakwang bad ki arngut ki pyrsa kynthei jong u ba sa roi parum pareh haduh kat kine ki sngi (In Maharam the two ruler are differentiate based on their seniority of age to be titled as Syiem-lieh and the lesser age as Syiem-iong were considered equal in state matters: A Study of Syiemship by Bimal J. Dev and Dilip .K. Lahiri) bad kumjuh ha ka Proceedings and Statement jong u Kisson Singh Siem of Maharam Appendix 58, Capt D Herbert Report ka batai shai ïa jinglong Syiem-lieh Syiem-iong haka Hima Maharam Ka long kaba shai bad sngewthuh iaka jingmut jong ka.
Kaba pashat jingmut ïa u Nongthoh ka long ba namar ba ki rukom pynkylla ktien ban ïakren bad ki briew jong kine ki jaka bad ban sngewthuh bad ki briew kiba nabar kum ki briew jong East India Company ha kaba ïadei ban shna ïaka surok na Kiwhati sha Sylhet. Hadien ka jingwan ïuhkjat ha kine ki Hima Khasi, haka Snem 1826, kum ka thma Anglo-Burmese ha ka 5. March, 1824. (Bengal Secret and Political, Consultations, 30 May, 1829. A. J. M. Mills, Report on the Khasi and Jaiñtia, 1853) bala shah sngewbha ban ïaid lyngba ka Hima Khatsawphra lane Hima Nongkhlaw da u Syiem Konrai Sing lane u syiem Chatter Sing ïa ki Shipai Phareng shaduh Sylhet na ka bynta kane ka jingkhie thma bad kum juh la pynwandur daka ktien Bengali bad Assamia bad ki jingthoh bapher bapher ki long naduh ki Snem 1822 ter ter ynda u Phareng ula wan ban iuh kjat bad synshar sa sdang ïaka thoh ka tar (Modern Period) kata kum ki jingthoh kiba la ring bad pynwandur ïa ki jingjia khamtam haka por ka thma Nongkhlaw jong ki Shipai Phareng bad ki Shipai U Syiem Tirot Sing bad ruh haka thoh ka tar (Literacy) kaba ngi lah ban ioh kata kum na kine ki jingtip (Report on the Eastern Frontier of British India by R. Boileau Pemberton, Capt. September, 21st.1835 and Alexander Mackenzie Report Photographically Reproduced From 1884 Edition Entitled “History of The Relations of The Government With The Hill Tribes of The North East Frontier of Bengal.”) kaba la pynmih ha u Snem 1856 lait noh ka kot kaba ngi ioh ban ioh jingtip kata ka kot Memoir of the Late David Scott, ESQ 1832 (Information on Historical).
Ban kham sngewthuh ïaka rukom pyrkhat pyrdain jong ka thoh katar, kata ka long kaba eh ban sngewthuh bha wat u Dohlieh um lah ban sngewthuh bha ïa kane ka rukom kheiñ kur khein jaid jong kane ka jaidbynriew lane ka Rukom hiar pateng haka rukom bat ïaka Synshar Khadar (Succession Power to Tribal Chieftain). Kaba eh ban sngewthuh haka rukom jinglong kyrpang bad rukom ringdur bad pruid dak ïa u pud u sam jong kine ki Hima Khasi na kawei ka Hima sha kawei pat. Namar ba ym shym la don ka thoh ka tar lane haki rukom buh jingthoh la shu ringdur tang daki Mawbri, ki Mawbynna, ki Mawbah lane ki Mawbuh Shyieng, ki Dieng ki Siej lane ki ïew ki Hat bad ki Khana Hiar pateng bad ka thoh ka Tar ka wan jia long tang hadien ka jingwan kiew ki briew kiba nabar sha kine ki Hima khasi (Categorize Human error in Scripture or Texual Transmission Mistakes) ïaka Hima Khatsawphra lane Hima Nongkhlaw balei la khot kumne haba pyrkhat bala khot la shim na ka jingmut ba Khatsawphra lane Khatsaw tylli ki Raid bad Ki Phra raid ki long ki Phra lyngdoh kiba seng nyngkong ïa ka Hima Nongkhlaw ryngkat bad u Syiem Shajer ki ïasnoh lang kawei bad kata ka long ka Hima Nongkhlaw. Kane ka dei ka jingsdang jong ka Hima ha kane ka Shnong da uta u Syiem ba nyngkong, U Shajer lane Sajar lada phai khyndiat katkum ki map jong ki Hima Khasi ha ka por kaba u phareng u ringdur ïa kita ki hima khasi bapher bapher (Sketch map of the Cossya Independant state 1829) ka long ban Sngewthuh shai iaka jingmut kaba u Phareng ula thoh kumne ‘Hima Nongkrem ka dei ka Hima Shyllong, Hima Osimlee lane Nongklow ka mut Hima Khatsawphra, Syung lane Sohïong ka Hima Lyngdoh Sohïong kaba ngi tip Mynta, Ramray lane Rambrai, Mariaw lane Myriaw, Duara Natum lane Dwara Nongtyrnem, Nuspung lane Nongspung, Moflung lane Mawphlang, Myrung lane Bairung’ bad kumta ter ter. La Shim jingmut ha ka por bym pat don ka Thoh ka tar bad lah ban sngewthuh kumno ban pynïapher ïaka Hima Nongspung kaba la synshar da ki Syiem-iong bad ka Hima Nongkhlaw lane Khatsawphra da ki Syiem-lieh hadien ka khana pateng ka Sanglar bad ka Jem kiba dei ki hymmen para jong u Syntiew kaba ym shym lah ban ioh ïaka jingthoh kaba Shai Shaphang kata (physical Remains).
ïa ka Hima Nongkhlaw ka long hadien ka jingïap u Chatter Singh (Konrai) ha ka snem 1826, bad hadien ka jingïaknieh ïaka khet Syiem ha pdeng U Rajen (Rijon lane Rujjum Singh) uba dei u Pyrsa Trai jong u Chatter Singh bad u Parakur jong U Chatter Singh kata, U Tirrut Singh lane U Tirot Singh la mih ka jingïakajia halor ka jingioh bujli ïa ka jinglong Syiem hapdeng u Rajen bad u Tirot Singh. U Rajen uba dei u pyrsa trai bad u khun pyrsa jong u Syiem uba la khlad. Hynrei ka Dorbar ki Syiem kaba la don lang bad ka jingkhot sngewbha ïa u Agent bad ka kala kyntait ïa ka jingkam jong u Rajen namar ba u dang dei tang u khynnah uba lehse saw snem ka rta ne san snem bad ka la pynskhem ïa u Tirot Singh kum u Syiem. Hadien ka jingiatai kaba jur kaba neh ar sngi, kala poi sha ka rai ba ha kaba kut ban kyrshan ïa ka Sorkar Bilat ba ka jingïateh soskular bad ka jingïasngewthuh jingmut ki arliang mamla kaba la long haka 30 tarik u Naiwieng (November) 1826, ba u Tirot Singh uba la tip ruh kum u Dhulla Raja ula mynjur ban wan hapoh ka jingïada jong ka Sorkar Bilat. (The Death of Chatter Singh the Raja of Nongklow, in early 1826 and the Subsequent dispute over Succession between Rajen and Tirrut Singh, Terrut Singh alias Dhulla Raja agreed to come under the protection of the British Government. Problem of the Hill Tribes of North East Frontier 1822-42 vol 1 by H. K. Barpujari, M A .PHD (Lond.) First Edition 1970. ’68 B.S,P.C., 1829; 26 June, No. 2; Scott to Swinton 30 May’).
Lah ban sngewthuh hangne ba ka jingthoh kam pynshai lane shim jingmut balei la thoh Dhulla tang ïa U Tirot Sing bad la thoh ia U Konrai kum U Chatter Sing (Problem of the Hill Tribes of North East Frontier 1822-42 vol 1 by H. K. Barpujari, M. A. Ph. D (Lond.) First Edition 1970. ‘ibid 20,21 B S P C.,1829;30,2: Scott to Swin, 30 May’) hynrei ïa U Rijon u Pyrsa Trai jong u Konrai pat la pynshisha bad pynskhem shuh shuh da kata ka jingïateh Soskular bad ka East India Company ïaka jingdon hok jong u kum u pyrsa trai jong u Konrai Singh lehse ka rta kaba 14 lane khatsan snem ka rta bad kumba ka long haka riti dustur la ïarap ban pynïaid ïaka synshar khadar da ki Myntri jong u hi. (No XXII. Translation of the Articles of an Agreement furnished to the Governor General’s Agent, North-East Frontier, by Rujjum Sing, Rajah, on His accession to the Raj of a Nongklow, on 29th of March, 1834 or 17th Chaitra, 1240 Bengali Calender).
Katkum ka rukom jied ïa u Syiem uba bud kumba ju long, ym shym la long tang katkum ka jingïadei kur. Hynrei ki Phra kur Myntri ki dei ban long kiba don bor ban lah ban thung ïa u nongshim bynta. Ka Dorbar Hima ka dei ban pyrkhat ruh ïa kiwei pat ki bynta ba kongsan, khnang ba ka jingskhem jong ka Hima bad ka jingtreikam bha jong ka synshar paidbah kin neh. Ki Myntri ki ju ïa syllok paidbah bad ki Syiem kynthei bad ki Sordar/rangbah shnong ne ki Tymmen ki San kiba iaw ka rta, shwa ban shim ïa kano kano ka rai. Ka paw ba ki Myntri baroh kila mynjur ban thung ïa u Tirot Singh kum u Syiem ka Hima Nongkhlaw ha ka por ba u Rijon Singh u dang rit uba dang don tang san snem ka rta. Ha ka por ba u Tirot Singh u la shimti kum u Syiem hadien jong u Syiem Chatter (Konrai Sing) bad ula synshar haduh ka por ba la khie ka thma bad ka sorkar phareng kaba la neh kumba katno katne snem bad hadien ka jing khlad noh u Syiem Konrai Singh, kata u Rijon Singh uba long u nongmih buji ïa u Konrai lane Chatter Singh, ula thoh sha ka sorkar, “Nga long u khun jong ka para kynthei jong u Chuttra Singh (Konrai Sing). Hadien ba u la khlad, namar ba nga dang rit, da ka jingmynjur jong ki Myntri la thung ia u Tirot Singh uba dei u pyrsakur ba jngai jong u Chuttra Singh (Konrai), ban synshar haka por ba nga dang rit. Hadien ba ula khlad, bad hadien ba nga la san bad long uba dei hok ban shim ïa ka bynta jong u Chuttra Singh (Konrai), la thung ïa nga da ka Sorkar ryngkat ka jingmynjur jong ki Myntri ban long u Syiem.” (“I am the son of Chuttra Singh’s own sister; on his death, I being a minor, it was the consent of the Muntrees that the Tirot Singh the distantly connected nephew of Chuttra Singh was nominated during my minority. On his death, I being the actual heir of Chuttra Singh, and having obtained my majority I was nominated by the Government with the consent of Muntrees to the Gudee”. U Tirot Sing by Dr Hamlet Bareh letter Sent to the Govt Vol No 21, 1856 No 72 of 1856″).
Khyndiat la shim ïa ka jingïateh Soskular jong u Tirot Sing bad ka East India Company kumba la kdew ha neng ka kyntien “Dhulla” hi kam don ka jingmut kaba shai haka ktien khasi ka long tang ka bynta ha ka Kyrteng ”Dhulla Raja” la pyndonkam kum ka kyrteng ne alias jong u Tirot Sing Syiem. (‘No VIII Article of Agreement enter into by Mr David Scott, Agent to the Governor-General on Behalf of The Honorable Company, and Teerut Sing Ashemlee, called the White Rajah, Chief of Nongklow-15th May, 1826. A Collection of Treaties by C. U. Aitchison Bengali calendar 01 Jyaistha 1233’.)
Ngi lah ban sngewthuh ba don ka jingïadei lehse kaba jan (Family close relation of Matrilineal Society) lane kata kaba lah ban sngewthuh ïaka jingïadei haki rukom kyrteng da kaba lah ban sngewthuh shai (Family Male Surname) lada pynwan haka rukom ha ka khana hiar pateng ba u Syiem Syntiew u la phiah ïaka rukom Synshar sha kita ki arngut ki Hymmen ne para Kynthei jong u, kata ka Jem ha Sohiong bad ka Sanglar ha Nongkhlaw, katkum ka Herbert Report daka Statement jong u Raja Kine Sing (Appendix 42 Succession to the Siemship in the Khasi state 1903) lah ban Sngewthuh ba la ïarap ban peit bad khmih ïaka Synshar Khadar lane kata ka Ing-Sad ka Ing-Sunon lane ka rukom bad ïaka dei Riti daka Syiem Kynthei katkum bala Saiñdur haka rukom bat ïaka Khyndew ka Shyiap jong ki It ki Hima ha kaba ki shipara kynthei jong u, Ka Jem lane Ka Jajem, bad u Dr Hamlet Bareh u thoh ka Sanglar kaba Pynkha ïa ki Lyngdoh Thabah (The History and Culture of The Khasi People) lane ka bynta jong ka Sohiong kaba ngi tip mynta ka Hima Lyngdoh Sohiong.
Ka Hima Nongkhlaw ka mad ïa ka thma poh ïing kaba jur bad ka jingeh kaba khraw naduh ba khie ka thma bah ryntieh bad ka sorkar phareng bad kumta kala mad ïa ka jirwit jirwait ha ka synshar khadar kaba u Syiem Tirot Singh ula kyntait ïa ka jingtyrwa jong ka sorkar phareng ban wan long Syiem biang mynba u dang don ha byndi ha Dacca. Ka jingbym don shuh lane bud shuh ïa ka niam tynrai kaba long ka atiar kaba kdup ïa ka riti ka synshar jong ki bakhraw batri ki Lyngdoh leh niam, ki Lyngdoh nong synshar bad kumta terter, kumjuh ruh ka jingpynïakhlad iaka Mawmluh daka Sorkar ka jingduh noh ïaki lai kur Myntri kata ki Lyngdoh Nongtariang, ki Jaid Dkhar, Khar Ngapkynta, ka la pynsohsat ha ka rukom ban tip shai ïa ka Hima Nongkhlaw lane Hima Khatsawphra ban sngewthuh ïa ka riti dustur kum u nongthoh ngi don ban ïai pashat ïa phi ki nongpule ban tih bniah ban ioh biang ïa ka rukom kaba dei ban long naduh ka por hyndai hynthai naduh ba sdang ka Hima katkum ka jinglamkhmat naduh ba sdang kumno la ioh ban batai shaphang ka jingmut kiei kita ki Syiem-lieh bad Syiem-iong ka long kaba suk ïa kiwei ki hima kata ka Maharam, Nabasohphoh, Langrin namar ki don ki jingtip kiba thikna kum ba la kdew haneng.
