Da u Bhogtoram Mawroh
U Glen Kharkongngor u la kynthoh halor ki jingthoh jong nga shaphang ka thymmei jong ki Khasi kiba la mih paidbah ha kine ki khyndiat sngi bad kane ka la nang plie lad shuh shuh ban ïatai halor ki jaitbynriew kiba kren ne dei na ka kynhun Austroasiatic. Ha ka jingkynthoh, U Glen Kharkongngor u la kdew ba ngam shym la ïathuh shaphang kita ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba krih na ka dewbah Africa sha ka dewbah India bad nangta ki krih sa sha ki phang ba shathie lam mihngi bad phang mihngi ka dewbah Asia bad dewlynnong Australia. U la kdew ruh ba ki jaitbynriew Munda ki dei ki jaitbynriew kiba nyngkong tam kiba buhai shnong ha India bad ki Khasi ki dei kiba pait pnat nangta kumba shiphew (10,000) hajar snem mynshuwa. Nga sngewsih ban ong ba imat u Glen Kharkongngor um pat shym pule bniah namar ha ka kot wad bniah jong ki riewstad la kdew shai ba ki Jaitbynriew Onge kiba im ha ka dewlynnong Andaman bad Nicobar ki dei kiba la wan na ka dewbah Africa bad ki dei ki nongshong shnong kiba nyngkong tam ha ka dewbah India.
Wat la katta ruh nga kyrmen ba u Glen Kharkongngor u la pule ia kiwei ki kot kiba lah ban ktik ïa ki jingmut jingpyrkhat jong u. Nga kubur ba ka mat ïatai shaphang ka tynrai, ka ktien bad wat ka riti jong ki Jaitbynriew, kaba kynthup ïa ka Jaitbynriew Khasi ka long kaba jwat. Hynrei U Tony Joseph, uwei pat u nongthoh u la thoh bad batai shaphang ka history jong ka dewbah India ha ka rukom ba ki briew kiba pule kin suk ban sngewthuh. U Tony Joseph u la pynpaw ruh ba dang donkam shuh ban wad bniah halor ki Jaitbynriew kiba dei na ki kynhun Austroasiatic bad Tibeto-Burma. Ngam artatien ba ki ñia kiba u Glen Kharkongngor u sei ki dei ki ñia kiba la shah kyntait bad mynta ha kane ka jingthoh ngan sot na ki katto katne ki jingthoh jong ki riewstad wad jingtip. Nga kyrmen ba kane kan ïarap bad ai ksai ïa ngi ban tip ïa la ka jong ka tynrai ne ka his-tory bad ka jingim jong ngi ha kane ka dewbah.
Ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ka ktien Austroasiatic ki dei kawei na ki kynhun kaba heh tam bad ki don ha ka kyrdan kaba phra ha ka jingdon ki briew kiba pyndonkam ïa kane ka ktien ha ka pyrthei. Ki jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ka ktien Austroasiatic ki don ha ki bynta ba shathie jong ka dewbah Asia. Ha ki Ri Vietnam bad Cambodia ka ktien Austroasiatic ka dei ka ktien Sorkar, katba ha ki Ri kum ka India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Burma, Laos, Thailand bad Malayasia ka dei ka ktien tynrai jong ki jaitbynriew kiba pher bad kiba rit paid kiba im ha kine ki Ri.
U Glen Kharkongngor u sei ki ñia kiba biang tangba ki ñia kiba u pynksan ki la liem noh hadien ka jingshem na ki jingwad bniah kiba thymmai ha ka snem 2011, da u Gyaneshwar Chaubey bad kiwei. Ha ka snem 2011, u Gyaneshwer Chaubey bad kiwei ki riewstad ki la pynmih ïa ka jingthoh kaba la ai kyrteng “Population Genetic Structure in Indian Austroasiatic Speakers: The Role of Landscape Barriers and Sex-Specific Admixture”. Kane ka dei ka jingwad bniah bad ka jingshem katkum ka stad saian bad ha kane ka jingwad bniah la shem ba ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ka ktien Austroasaitic kiba im ha ka dewbah India bad ha ki phang shathie lam mihngi ka dewbah Asia ki mih na kajuh ka tyllong jong ki thawlang ïawbei tynrai kumba 17 (khat hynñiew) bad 28 (ar phew phra) hajar snem mynshuwa bad kane ka jingshem ka pynksan ïa ka ñia ba kine ki jaitbynriew ki krih na ka phang shathie lam mihngi ka dewbah Asia sha ka dewbah India bad kane ka jia long wat haduh ki spah snem kiba kham hadien.
Shuh shuh ki riewstad kum u Xiaoming Zhang bad kiwei ki la nang tih bniah halor ka jingkrih ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ka ktien Austroasiatic na ki bynta jong ka phang mihngi jong ka dewbah Asia sha ki thaiñ kiba pher jong ka dewbah India. Kine ki riewstad ki la pynmih ka paper kaba kyrteng ‘Y-chromosome diversity suggests southern origin and Paleolithic backwave migration of Austroasiatic speakers from eastern Asia to the Indian subcontinent’ ha ka snem 2015. Ha kane ka jingwad bniah jong ki la shem ïa ka tynrai jong ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ka ktien Daic ha ki bynta ba shathie jong ka Ri China kumba hapdeng 20 (ar phew) bad 40 (saw phew) hajar snem mynshuwa bad kine ki kynhun ki la nang saphriang shaphang shathie lam mihngi kumba 16 (khat hynriew) hajar snem mynshuwa. Ka jingkrih jong kine ki kynhun jaitbynriew ka la piar shaphang sepngi sha ka dewbah India bad kane ka la jia long 10,000 (shiphew) hajar snem mynshuwa.
Ka jingshem jong ka jingwad bniah jong u Xiaoming Zhang ka ïamir bad ka jingshem jong u Ganesh Prasad Arunkumar uba la pynmih ia ka jingshem jong u kaba kyrteng ‘A late Neolithic expansion of Y chromosomal haplogroup O2a1-M95 from east to west’ ha ka snem 2015. Kine ki riewstad ki ïa kubur halor kawei ka nongrim ba ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ka ktien Austroasaitic ki krih na ka phang mihngi sha ki thaiñ sepngi. Kaba ki ïapher jingmut ka long tang ha ka jingbuh ïa ki snem jong ka jingkrih jong kine ki jaitbynriew. U Xiaoming Zhang u shem ba kane ka jia 10000 (shi phew) hajar snem mynshuwa, katba u Ganesh Prasad Arun Kumar pat u shem ba kine ki kynhun jaitbynriew Austroasiatic ki la buhai shnong ha Laos kumba 5.2 ± 0.6 hajar snem mynshuwwa, ba ki Khasi kiba dei na ka kynhun Austroasiatic, ki wan buhai shnong ha kine ki lum kumba hapdeng 5.2 ± 0.6 hajar snem mynshuwa, katba ki Munda pat ki la buhai shnong ha ki phang Mihngi ka Ri India ha ki snem 4.3 ± 0.2 hajar snem mynshuwa. Ha kajuh ka por la pynmih ïa ka jingthoh halor ka jingshem jong uwei pat u reiwstad u Kai Kai Tatte ha ka snem 2019 bad la ai kyrteng ïa kane ka jingthoh ka ‘The genetic legacy of continental scale admixture in Indian Austroasiatic speakers’. Ha kane ka jingthoh la kdew ba ki kynhun jaitbynriew Dravidian kiba krih na ka phang ba shathie jong ka dewbah Asia, bad kiba im mynta ha ka Jylla Kerela, ki la ïa im lang bad ka kynhun jaitbynriew Lao, kaba don haduh mynta ha Ri Laos, kumba hapdeng 2000 (ar hajar) bad 3800 (lai hajar phra spah) snem mynshuwa. Na kane ka jingïa-im khleh la mih ka kynhun jaitbynriew kaba la tip kum ki Munda.
Ki dang don shibun kiba ki riewstad kiba thwet jingtip ki dang hap ban lum ban lang bad pynwandur, hynrei ka jingïatai halor ka thymmei jong ki jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ka ktien Austroasiatic ka la poi artat sha kaba kut namar kiba bun hi ki riewstad ki la kubur ba ka thaiñ shathie lam mihngi ka dewbah Asia ka dei ka thymmei ba kine ki jaitbynriew bad ka ktien jong ki, ki san ki mer bad nangta kin sa krih na mihngi sha ka phang sepngi. Kumta ka jaidbynriew Khasi ka dei kawei na ki kynhun kaba krih bad poi nyngkong ha kine ki lum, katba kiwei pat ki ïaid lynti kham shaphang mihngi bad ki ïakynduh bad kiwei pat ki jaitbynriew Dravidian, kiba la don lypa ha ka dewbah India. Ka jingmih na kane ka jingïashem bad jingïa-im lang bad ki Dravidian ka long ka jingpynkha ia ka jaitbynriew Munda. Tang kawei kaba ki riewstad kim pat ïa mynjur ka long halor ki snem ne tarik jong ka jingwan buhai shnong jong kine ki jaitbynriew bad la shu antad ba kane ka jia hapdeng 10,000 (shi phew) bad 6000 (hynriew) hajar snem mynshuwa. Ñiuma, ka jingthung kba kaba la ïeng rasong kum ka kam rep jong kine ki jaitbynriew kan lah ban batai shai ïa ki snem jong ka jingwan buhai shnong jong ki jaitbynriew Austroasiatic.
Namar ba ka rep kba ka dei kawei na ki kam ne ka trei ka ktah kaba kongsan jong ki kynhun jaitbynriew Austro Asiatic, kumta ïa ki snem ne tarik ba kine ki jaitbynriew ki wan buhai shnong sha ki thaiñ shatei lam mihngi bad mihngi jong ka dewbah India lah ban pynïasnoh bad ki snem ne ki juk jong ka jingsdang jong ka rep kba ha kane ka dewbah India. Halor kane u Brianna L. Gross bad Zhijun Zhao ki la pynmih kawei ka paper ha ka snem 2014, kaba la ai kyrteng “Archaelogical and Genetic Insights into the Origins of Domesticated Rice” bad ha kane ka paper ki la kdew ba ka jingrep ïa u kba Oryza sativa, uwei na ki jait kba uba la rim bha, da ki kynhun briew ha ki pyntha kba kiba syndah bad ka wahbah Ganga ka la jia hadien ba ki jaitbynriew ki la sdang ban rep ïa u kba Japonica ha ka Ri China kumba 4000 (saw hajar) snem mynshuwa. Bad ha ka snem 2015 u Xiaoming Zhang ha ka jingthoh jong u, u la pynpaw ba ka longïing tynrai jong ki jaitbynriew Austroasiatic ka dei na ka bynta ba shathie ka Ri Chnia bad dei hangne ba la shem ba ki briew ki la thung ne rep ïa u kba uba ki khot u Oryza sativa japonica kumba 8000 (phra hajar) snem mynshuwa. Ngim dei ban klet ba u khaw u dei uba kongsan ha ka lehniam jong ki Khasi bad nga kynmaw ïa ki khanatang kiba mih na ka thaiñ Jaintia Hilla ba kumno ki briew ki wanrah ïa u kba na ki ‘law bah bad hadien kata ki sdang ban rep ïa u ha ki lyng-kha.
Nga la kdew teng bad mynta ngan kdew biang ïa ka jingthoh jong kine ki riewstad kum u K.S Nagaraja, Paul Sidwell bad Simon kaba ki la ai kyrteng ‘A Lexicostatistical Study of the Khasian Languages: Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam, and War’. Ha kane ka paper ki la kdew shai ba ka ktien tnat War kaba pait pnat na ka ktien jong ka jaitbynriew Palaung, kaba don ha Myanmar, ka dei ka ktien kaba la rim tam ha kine ki lum bad ka la don naduh 4000 (saw hajar) snem mynshuwa. Ki snem bad ki tarik kiba kine ki riewstad ki kdew ki ïamir bad ki snem ne tarik ba kiwei pat ki riewstad ki shem halor ka jingsdang jong ka kam rep ïa u kba Oryza sativa japonica ha ka dewbah India.
Ka jingthwet ïa ki khanatang shaphang ki jaitbynriew Austroasiatic, kata shaphang ki Khasi bad ki Munda, kam pat kut. Ka long kaba kongsan ban sngewthuh khambha ba kumno ka jingwan buhai shnong jong ki jaitbynriew Austroasiatic, kaba kynthup ïa ki Khasi, ka jia long bad kumno ka wanrah ïa ki jingkylla ha kane ka dewbah India. Ka la shai kdar ba kine ki kynhun jaitbynriew Austroasiatic ki la wan buhai shnong ha shuwa jong ki jaitbynriew Indo-Aryan bad kumta ki dei ki jaitbynriew kiba la ïa imlang bad ki jaitbynriew Dravidian. Kumta ryngkat bad ki jaitbynriew Dravidian ki la long ki trai ri trai muluk jong ka dewbah India. Ha kajuh ka por, ban shem ïa ki snem ne ki tarik jong ka jingwan buhai shnong jong ki ka long kaba kongsan namar ki snem ba ki wan buhai shnong ki long kiba ïajan bad ka por jong kawei pat ka juk shai kaba ngi tip kum ka Indus Valley Civilization.Ka long kaba sngewtynnad bad ka ktik ïa ka jingmut jingpyrkhat ba ki longshuwa manshuwa jong ngi ki Khasi bad ki Munda ki la ïa imlang kum ki para marjan bad ki briew kiba la shai bad kiba im ha ki jaka sor ha ka juk jong ka Indus Valley Civilization bad ka lah ban long ba ka la don ruh ka khaïi-pateng hapdeng ki Khasi bad ki nong Harappan, kiba long ki nongshong shnong jong ka Indus Valley Civilization. Hoid, shuwa ban ngin pynkut nia halor kane, dang donkam shuh shuh ban wad bniah bad thwet ïa ki jingtip, hynrei tang kawei kaba la shai kdar ka long ba mynta ki nongshnong jong ka Ri India kiba im bad bam da u khaw, ha ka por ba ki tian khaw ja ki dei ban kynmaw bad sngewnguh ïa ki Khasi bad ki Munda kiba la wanrah bad sdang ïa ka rep kba ha kane ka dewbah India.
(Ki kyntien bad ki jingmut kiba phalang ha kane ka jingthoh ki dei jong u nongthoh shimet)
