Bhogtoram Mawroh
Lehse,kiba bun ki briew ki la btai ïa ka jingïatai halor kane ka ishu kaba la neh la jan shi snem mynta bad kaba la pynkha ruh shibun ki jingïakren beiñ, kren khoh iwei ïa iwei. Ban pynthanda ïa ka jingïakynat ka Sorkar ka la thung ïa ka Expert Committee na ka bynta ban peit bniah ïa ka Reservation Policy. Kane ka Expert Committee ka la dep sngap bad pdiang ïa ki jingai jingmut bad jingkynthoh jong ki Seng bad ki riewshimet kiba don ha ka thaiñ Hynñiewtrep bad mynta ka la dei sa ka pali jong ki Seng bad ki riewshimet jong ka thaiñ Achik ban ai jingkynthoh bad pashat jingmut halor kumno ban pynwan dur thymmai ïa ka Reservation Policy. Naduh ba la thung ïa ka Expert Committee, kiba bun ki la ïoh por ban pyrkhat sani bad ngam jylliew halor ki mat ki jura kiba ïasnoh bad kane ka kam bad ha kajuh ka por ki la mih kiwei pat ki jingïatai ne jingpyrkhat ki bym da shong nia than eh. Ha kane ka Article ngin pyrshang ban kdew ïa kita ki jingpynsngewthuh bakla ki bym shong ñia.
Ka shai kdar ba ka jingmut tynrai jong ka Reservation Policy ka long ban kyntiew bad kyrshan ïa ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba dang sahdien ba kin kiew shaphrang bad ba ym dei ban pynshong nongrim ïa ka mang kyrpang ha ka thungkam ha ka jingdonbriew. Pynban lyngba ka Reservation Policy dei ban plie lad ïa ki kynhun jaitbynriew rit paid bad kiba dang sahdien ba kin ïoh ban ïadon bynta ha ka synshar khadar bad treikam treijam. Hynrei, ki don pat kiba pynkulmar jingmut ïa ki nongshong shnong bad ki pynsngewthuh bakla da kaba ong ba kata ka jingïoh ïashim bynta lang jong ki kynhun jaitbynriew rit paid dei ban pynshong nongrim ha ka jingdon briew, kaba mut ba ïa ka bhah kyrpang hapdeng ki jaitbynriew rit paid dei ban pynshong nongrim ha ka jingbun paid. Kane ka long ka jingpynsngewthuh bakla bad da kaba suk lah ban pynkhyllem ne pynkhylliap ñia ïa kane da ka aiñ.
To ngin ïa kdew hangne ïa ka jingkynthoh jong ka Supreme Court ka Ri India ha kaba ïadei bad ka Reservation haba bishar ïa ka mokutduma hapdeng ka Indira Sawhney pyrshah ïa ka Sorkar India, ha ka snem 1992. Ka Supreme Court ka la kynthoh kumne, “ba ka clause (4) ka kren shaphang ka jingïoh bynta kaba biang, ym dei ka jingïoh bynta kaba pynshong nongrim ha ka jingdon briew…namarkata kaei kaba shong ñia ka long ba katkum ka clause (4) ka jingbhah kyrpang ne reservation ha ka ïohkam ïohjam kam dei ban palat ïa ka 50%, laitnoh ha ki katto katne ki khep”. (paragraph 94 A)
Ha katei ka paragraph ba la kdew haneng, ka Supreme Court ka kren shai ba ka jingïoh bhah ha ka thung kam ne ka reservation kam dei halor ka nongrim jong ka jingdon briew ne katkum ka jingdon briew. Katkum ka Article 16 (4) jong ka Constitution la batai, ba ka jingïaïoh bynta lang ka dei ban long ka nongrim jong ka mang kyrpang ha ka ïohkam ïohjam, kumba la pashat jingmut da u kpa jong ka Constitution, u B.R Ambedkar. Ha ka jingïatai ha ka Constituent Assembly, u B.R Ambedkar u ong, ba ka jingmang kyrpang ïa ki kam ki jam ka dei ban long tang na ka bynta ki khyndiat tylli. Kumta ka Supreme Court ka Ri India ha ka snem 1992 ka la pynksan da kaba ong, ba ka jingmang kyrpang ïa ki kam ki jam, kam dei ban palat ïa ka san phew na ka shispah (50%). Kane ka rai jong ka Supreme Court ha ka snem 1992 ka dang ïeng haduh mynta bad kiwei ki mokutduma kiba hadien ki pynshong nongrim halor kane ka rai jong ka Supreme Court, kum ka nuksa, ka rai kaba dang shen jong ka Bihar High Court, 2024 bad ka rai jong ka Supreme Court hi halor ka mokutduma reservation jong ka Jylla Maharashtra jong ka snem 2021. Lymda don ka jingpynkylla ïa ka Constitution, kan long kaba eh ïa ka ïingbishar ban pdiang ba lah ban pyntam ïa ka bhah kyrpang ne reservation palat ïa ka 50% lymne ban pyndam noh ïa ka aiñ ne kyndon kaba shongñia, shong nongrim ba ka bhah kyrpang ne reservation ka dei ban long ha ka nongrim jong ka jingïoh bynta kaba biang, ym ha ka jingdon briew. Wat la katta ruh, ki don hi pat kiba pynkyllaiñ da kaba ong ba ka nong-rim jong ka jingïoh bynta kaba biang kam treikam ha ka jingbhah kyrpang ïa ki Schedule Tribe bad Schedule Caste. Kane ka ñia ka buh jingma ïa ki jaitbynriew rit paid ha Ri India kiba dang donkam ïa ka jingïada.
Katkum ka khanasamari jong ka snem 2011, ka jingdon jong ki Scheduled Castes (SC) bad Scheduled Tribes (ST) ha Ri India ki long kumne- ki Schedule Caste ki don 16.6%, katba ki Schdedule Tribe ki don 8.6%. Kumta ka Reservation na ka bynta kine ki ar tylli ki kynhun rit paid ki long kumne- 15% la bhah na ka bynta ki Schedule Caste bad 7.5% na ka bynta ki Schedule Tribe. Imat dei halor kane ba ki don kiba mutdur ba ïa ka reservation na ka bynta ki Schedule Tribe bad Schedule Caste la pynshong nongrim halor ka jingdon briew. Kane ka jingmutdur ka long ka bym shong ñia bad ka dei tang ka jingpynsngewthuh bakla. Namar ka jingpynshong nongrim ha ka jingdon briew ka long pyrshah ïa ka jingmut tynrai jong ka reservation kumba la maitphang ha ka Article 16(4) jong ka Constitution, “ba ka bor synshar… ka lah ban shna ïa ki kyndon ban bhah kyrpang ha ka thungkam na ka bynta kino kino ki kynhun jong ki nongshong shnong ka Ri kiba dang sahdien, kiba ha ka jingsngewthuh jong ka bor synshar, kita ki kynhun kim shym ïoh ka bynta kaba biang ha ki kam ki jam ne ka synshar khadar hapoh ka Ri/Jylla”. Kumta haduh ka snem1992, ka bhah kam kyrpang ne reservation na ka bynta ki Schedule Tribe bad Schedule Caste ka long 22.5% bad ka long hapoh u pud uba dei bad uba shong ñia. Hynrei hadien ba la pynmih ïa ka kaiphot jong ka Mandal Commission, ka Supreme Court ka la bthah ban bhah kyrpang sa ïa ki kynhun OBC ha ki ophis treikam jong ka Sorkar Pdeng. Ha kajuh ka por ka Supreme Court ka pynpaw ba lada pynshong nongrim ïa kane ka jingmang kyrpang ne reservation katkum ka jingdon briew, kata ka mut ba ka jingmang kyrpang ne ka reservation kan kynjoh sha ka 70% namar ba ki OBC ki kynthup haduh 52% na ka jingdon briew ha ka Ri India. Kumta ka Supreme Court ka shem ba kane ka long ka bym shong ñia bad ka buh pud ba ka reservation kam dei ban palat ïa ka 50% bad kumta la bhah 27% ha ka reservation na ka bynta ki OBC halor ka nongrim ba ka kynhun jong ki OBC ka dei ban ïoh ka bynta kaba biang ha ki kam jam ne synshar khadar.
Kane ka mut ba ïa ka mang kyrpang ha ka thung kam kaba la pruid dak ha ka article 16(4) la pynshong ñia beit ha ka jingïoh bynta lang jong ki rit paid bad ki kynhun kiba dang sah dien, ym ha ka jingdon paid jong ki. Kane ka thew ruh ïa ka bhah kyrpang na ka bynta ki Schedule Tribe namar kam shym don kano kano ka kyndon kaba kyrpang na ka bynta jong ki ha ka Constitution. Lehse, lah ban pynïap ia ka nongrim jong ka jingïoh bynta lang lada lah ban wanrah da ki kyndon kiba thymmai ha ka Constitution, ban ong ba na ka bynta ki Schedule Tribe, ka jingdon briew kan dei ka nongrim jong ka mang kyrpang ha ka thung kam. Tat haduh kata ka por, ka jingmang kyrpang ha ka thung kam na ka bynta ki Schedule Tribe kan long beit thik kumba la pruid dak ha ka Constitution bad ruh ba la ïai pynksan da ka Supreme Court. Kito kiba kwah ban ïasaid ha ïing bishar da ka nongrim jong ka jingdon briew kin hap ban phikir bha.
Sa kawei ka jingpynsngewthuh bakla kaba la saphriang bha ka long, hana, ym don diengkot ban thew ïa ka jingsah dien jong ki Schedule Tribe kiba long ki trai shnong jong ka Meghalaya. Kita kiba pynsngewthuh bakla ki kam ruh ba ki dak jingkheiñ bad ki khanasamari kiba kdew ïa ka jingkiew jinghiar ka kamai kajih, ka ïoh ka kot, ka ïohkam ïohjam bad kiwei ki bynta, ki dei shaphang ki District kiba don ha ka Jylla bad kumta ym lah ban pynshisha ba ki kdew ïa ka jingsahdien jong ki kynhun jaitbynriew. Nangta shuh shuh, ki pynsngewthuh bakla da kaba ong, ba ki don ki District ha kaba bun ki nongshong shnong ki dei ki Khasi & Jaiñtia ki kham sahdien ban ïa ki District kiba bun ki nongshong shnong Garo. Ki khlei khnang kum kine ki ñia ki bym shong nongrim namar ba ki kwah ban ong, ba baroh ki sahdien kumjuh bad kumta ym don diengkot uba biang ban thew ïa ka jingsahdien bad ki pynksan jubor ba ka jingdon briew ka dei ban long ka nongrim ha ka jingbhah kam kyrpang. To mynta ngin ïathir ksai ïa kine ki jingkam bad jingpynksan jubor.
Lada ngi bishar bniah ïa ki kyrdan jong ki District ka jylla Meghalaya kumba ki paw ha ka kaiphot jong ka Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), lah ban shem ba ka East Khasi Hills ka dei ka Distrct kaba wan shakhmat tam bad don ha ka kyrdan ba 57, katba ka North Garo Hills District pat ka dei kaba khatduh tam bad don ha ka kyrdan ba 98. Na kitei ki dak jingkhei? ka paw ba ka East Khasi Hills District, kaba don hapoh ka Ri Khasi, ka la kham kiew ban ïa ki District kiba don ha Garo Hills. Hynrei haba bishar kham bniah la shem ba ki don ki District hapoh Ri Khasi, kum ka South West Khasi Hills, kaba don sha trai bad ka don ha ka kyrdan kaba 87, katba ka West Garo Hills ka don ha ka kyrdan ba kham halor ha ka kyrdan ba 74 bad ka tam ïa ka South West Khasi Hills haduh shi phew kyrdan. Haba kumta, hato yn ñiew ia ki nongshong shnong jong ka South West Khasi Hills kiba kham sahdien ban ïa kito kiba don ha West Garo Hills? Ka bym lah long ban pynkulmar ne pynsngewthuh bakla kumne ïa ki nongshong shnong, namar ba ha ka Constitution la kdew shai ba ïa ka bhah kyrpang ha ka thungkam la ai sha ki kynhun jaitbynriew, ym sha ki nongshong shnong jong ki thaiñ ne District bapher. Ki Khasi ki ïoh ïa ka bhah kyrpang ha ka thung kam namar ki don ha ka thup jong ki Schedule Tribe, ym dei ba ki shong ha ki shnong ba bun paid ki Khasi ha Meghalaya. Ka khasi kaba la kha bad shong shnong ha Williamnagar, ka District Headquarter jong ka East Garo Hills, ka don ia ka hok ban ïoh ïa ka bhah thung kam kaba la mang kyrpang na ka bynta ki Khasi, lait noh sa tang lada ïa ka kynhun jong ki Khasi la pyndam noh na ka thup jong ki Schedule Tribe, ba ki Khasi kin ym lah shuh ban kam kynti ïa ka hok ha ka bhah thung kam. ñiuma, ki don ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba ym shym la ithuh ïa ki kum ki Schedule Tribe ha ki katto katne ki Jylla, hynrei ha ki Jylla ba la ithuh ïa ki, ki ïoh la ka bhah ba la mang kyrpang na ka bynta jong ki. Sa shisien nga ban ba ia ka mang kyrpang ha ka thung kam la ai sha ki kynhun jaitbynriew bad ym shym la mang katkum ki thaiñ ne jaka ba ki shong. Kumta, nga kyntu jur ba ngim dei ban pynkulmar ne pynsngewthuh bakla ïa ki nongshong shnong halor kane ka mat.
Namarkata, lah ban tip ïa ka jingsah dien jong ki kynhun jaitbynriew bapher, kiba dei ki trai muluk jong ka Jylla Meghalaya, da kaba kyllum lang ïa ki District kiba ki nongshong kiba bun ki dei na kajuh ka kynhun jaitbynriew. Kum ka nuksa, ban kyllum lang ïa baroh ki District kiba don ha Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills, ha kaba kiba bun ki nongshong shnong ki dei ki Khasi bad kumjuh ruh ban kyllum lang ïa ki District kiba don hapoh ka Garo Hills ha kaba ki nongshong shnong kiba bun paid ki dei ki Garo. Ha kane ka rukom lah ban thew bad woh janai kano ka kynhun jaitbynriew kaba kham sah dien da kaba ïanujor bad kawei pat ka kynhun jaitbynriew. Da kaba leh kumne yn shem ba ki District kiba bun ki nongshong shnong ki dei ki Khasi ki don ha ka kyrdan kaba 75, kaba long ka kyrdan kaba kham halor ban ïa ki District kiba bun ki nongshong shnong ki dei ki Garo, kiba don ha ka kyrdan ba 85. Watla katta ruh, ka don hi ka jingpyrshang ban pynkulmar ne pynsngewthuh bakla da kaba ong ba ki kynhun jaitbynriew kim shong lynnong tang shi jaka hynrei ki krih bad shong khleh ha kiba bun ki shnong bad District. Hynrei kane ka nia kam lah ban ïeng bad ka pynpaw ïa ka jingduna jingtip jong ki shaphang ka geography bad ka jingpynlong ïa ka Jylla da ki trai muluk kiba dei na ki jaitbynriew ba pher bad kiba buhai shnong ha ki thaiñ bapher.
Katkum ka khanasamri jong ka snem 2011, ka jingdon jong ki Schedule Tribe ha Meghalaya ka long haduh 86% bad lada kheiñ ïa ka jingdon ki Schedule Tribe hapoh ki District la shem ba kaba duna ka dei ka West Garo Hills kaba don 73% ki Schedule Tribe bad ka District kaba don bun tam ki Schedule Tribe ka dei ka West Khasi Hills bad ki don haduh 97%. Wat ha East Khasi Hills District, ka District kaba don shibun kiwei de ki jaitbynriew ki bym dei Schedule Tribe, ka jingdon ki Schedule Tribe ha ka District ka kot haduh 80%. Ki don sa kiwei pat ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba hap ha ka thup jong ki Schedule Tribe ha Meghalaya tangba ka jingdon paid jong ki ka long kaba duna than eh haba kheiñ lang ia ki. Kiwei pat ki Schedule Tribe ha Meghalaya, lait na ki Khasi bad Garo, kum ki Karbi bad Biate, ki don tang kumba 5% na ka jingdon briew ha ka Jylla. Kine kiwei pat ki Schedule Tribe ki don tang shi saphit bad kin ym lah da lei lei ban ktah ïa ka rukom thew ne rukom bishar ïa ka jingkiew jinghiar ki Jaitbynriew Khasi bad Garo ha ka Jylla. Kumta ki dak jingkheiñ kiba paw ha ki khanasamari bad kiba kdew ïa ka jingkiew jinghiar jong ki District, ki thew beit ïa ka jingkiew bad jinghiar jong ki kynhun Jaitbynriew kiba bun paid ha ki District bapher jong ka Jylla.
Ngim dei da lei lei ban ïaid lait ïa kawei ka khanasamari kaba kdew beit sbiak ïa ka jingsah dien jong kawei na ki kynhun Jaitbynriew trai muluk ha Meghalaya bad kata ka dei ka Census jong ki nongtrei sorkar jong ka Sorkar Meghalaya. Kane ka khanasamari kam dei kaba kyllaiñ ne kaba eh ban peiphang, hynrei ka kdew da kaba shai ïa ka jingsahdien jong kawei ka kynhun jaitbynriew ha ki kam sorkar. Kane ka khanasamari ka phiah ïa ka jingdon ki kynhun jaitbynriew trai muluk, kaba mut ki Garo bad Khasi, kiwei de ki Schedule Tribe, Schedule Caste, ki OBC bad kiwei, ha ki kam Sorkar hapoh ka Jylla. Ka khanasamari jong ki nongtrei sorkar ka snem 2022, ka kdew ba 60.86% na ki kam Sorkar la bat da ki Khasi, 30.61% la pyndap da ki Garo bad kiwei pat ki don kumne- 2.42% kiwei ki ST, 0.54% ki SC, 1.11% ki OBC bad 4.47% kiwei kiwei de. Na kane ka khanasamari lah ban peiphang, khlem da donkam ïa kiwei pat ki kaiphot, ba kano ne kino ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba sahdien hapoh ka Jylla. Kumta ka kyntien “ban ïa-ïoh bynta lang” ha ka synshar khadar, ka treikam treijam kaba la pruid dak ha ka Constitution ka don ïa la ka jingmut bad ka dei na ka bynta kum kine ki khep ba kyrpang.
Lada ki kam sa katto kattno ruh ba ym lah ban ïoh ïa ki khanasamari kiba kren shaphang ka jingsah dien jong kano kano ka kynhun jaitbynriew, kaba dei ka jingkam kaba bakla, yn ym lah satia, ïa mynta, ban pynshong nongrim ïa ka bhah kyrpang ha ka thungkam, halor ka jingdon briew. Dang shen ka Bihar High Court ka ai ïa ka jingkynthoh, ba ym shym la don ka jingbatai ba dei ban pynshong nongrim halor ka jingdon briew bad kumta ym lah ban shu pynrung jubor. Haba ym shym don kum kata ka jingbatai ba dei ban pynshong nongrim ha ka jingdonbriew, kumta ym lah ban pyntreikam ïa ka bad lada pyntreikam jubor kan pynmih shibun ki jingeh bad ki kynrum kynram, ha kaba ka percentage jong ka reservation kan kiew kput bad kan ktah ia kiwei pat ki bynta jong ka jingïalong mar ryngkat.
Ngi kyrmen ba ka jingïakren bad jingïatai halor ka Reservation Policy kan sa kut noh, Shen, ka Expert Committee, kan sa ai ïa ka kaiphot ryngkat ki jingai jingmut jong ka sha ka Sorkar Jylla bad ka Sorkar kan sa hap ban shim ïa ka rai. Dei tat haduh kata ka por ngin sa tip bad ïohi ïa ka dur kaba shai kdar bad kano ka nongrim kaba dei shisha. Shu buh, ynda la poi kata ka por ka Sorkar Jylla kan ong ba ngin pynneh ïa ka Reservation Policy kumba ka ju long (Status quo). Hato kita kiba kwah ïa ka jingpynkylla kin leit ujor sha ïingshari ban kyrpad ban pynbeit ïa kane ka kam? Ne kin shu kynnoh ïa ka Sorkar bad kin ïai pyndonkam ïa kane ka issue ban myntoi ka politic jong ki? Katba ngi dang ap ïa kata ka por, nga kyntu ïa ki nongshong shnong ban ïaishah bad ban kyntait ïa ki jingpynsngewthuh bakla. Ka jingshisha shen kan sa paw!
