“ïa kane ka Article la thoh da u rangbah u batrei Shabar Jylla la bun snem bad u ba la shongthait shen”
Ka Garo Hills Automous District Council ka la ïoh ban pynbeit (Amendment) ïa ka Rule 8(a) ka Assam and Meghalaya Autonomous Districts (Constitution of District Councils) Rules, 1951, ban ym shah shuh ïa ki Non-Tribal (Dkhar) ban ïa shim bynta ha ka Election ban jied MDC sha ka GHAD. ïa kane la dei ban leh shwa da ka KHAD, ka nongïalam naduh ba ka sdang.
Ha Garo Hills la don teng ba la jied MDC ïa ki dkhar, bad ha kito ki por ym don ba ïa khih. Mynta ki Garo ki ïa khih bad tang shisien ïa khih la long kam. U Khasi-Pnar pat ?! Ka jingïakhih ka la pur sha ri Khasi, da khang ïew ka Mot Phran, la kham lyngoh shuh shuh ban iohi ka jingbun paid ki Garo ha sor Shillong, la ishyrkhei; Sa ïa kiba la shong sha kiwei kiwei ki thaiñ ka ri Khasi, katno shuh. Ha Garo Hills, ki Khasi-Pnar ki don iwei ar eh. Tip ki lah ban pynlong jingïalang kumba ka long ha sor Shillong ha kato ka sngi? Ka la dei ban ngin ïa peit jngai.
Kaei ka District Council ?
Ka District Council ka dei ka ïingdorbar thawaiñ ka District. ïa ki District Council la thaw kat kum ki kyndon ka 6th Schedule. La thaw ïa ka 6th Schedule na ka bynta ban ïada (safeguard) bad ban pynneh (preserve) ïa ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur bad ïa ka khyndew ka shyiap ki jaidbynriew ka rilum kiba don ha ka jylla Assam (undivided Assam) ha kato ka por. Namar bala shem ba ki jaidbynriew riewlum ha kane ka thaiñ ki dei kiba ïa pher kawei na kawei ha ka niam, ka riti ka dustur bad ha ka rukom ka synshar khadar bad ba ki dei kiba na la ka jong ka jong ka ethnic origin ne ka tynrai ka jaidbynriew.
Ha kane ka nongrim ka 6th Schedule, la bynta ïa kine ki thaiñ ha ki District, kat kum ka jaidbynriew; la bynta ïa ka United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills District bashong da ki Khasi-Pnar, ïa ka Lushai Hills Districtba don ki jaidbynriew Lushai/Mizo, ka Garo Hills District, ka thaiñ bashong ki Garo, ka Naga Hills bashong ki jaidbynriew Naga bad kumta ter ter.
Ngi iohi ba ka jingïada ïa ki riewlum kane ka thaiñ, ka dei naduh ka por sorkar phareng kaba la shna da ka aiñ ba kyrpang. Kata ka aiñ la tip kum ka Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873 (BEFR, 1873), kaba ngi tip ruh kum ka ILP (Inner Line Permit).
Kat kum kane ka aiñ BEFR, 1873/ILP, ïa u riewlum ne ïa u dkhar lada u leit rung sha kano kano ka District ri-lum u hap ban da ioh permit ne jingbit na ka aiñ. Khlem kata ka permit / jingbit ban leit rung, yn shah pynsaja bad dain kuna. Kane ka aiñ, ha ka mat kaba 7, la mana ruh ïa uno uno u nongwei uba nabar ka District, la ïa u riewlum / tribal ne ïa u dkhar / non-tribal ban thied khyndew lane ban buhai shnong, lait tang para trai ri-lum bad tang ïa uba dei u trai shnong ka District.
Hadien bala ioh jinglaitluid (Independence) ka ri India, da ka jingai jingmut ka sorkar phareng, ki nongmihkhmat ka ri India ki sngewdei ban bteng ïa kane ka jingïada ïa ki riewlum kiba dang sahdien tam ha ka ri.Kumta ka Constituent Assembly, ka Dorbar thaw aiñ banyngkong ka ri India, ka la rai ban pynmih da ka aiñ ha ka Article 244 ka Constitution (Riti Synshar) ban-peit ban-i ïa ka synshar khadar ki ri-lum ha ka ri. Ka Article 244(1) na ka bynta ki ri-lum kiba don ha ki jylla kiba shabar ka jylla Asam ha kato ka por, kiba la khot ki Scheduled Areas & Scheduled Tribes bad ïa kata ka aiñ la tip kum ka 5th Schedule. Bad ka Article 244(2) na ka bynta ki ri-lum kiba don ha ka jylla Assam ha kato por, kita ki ri-lum ki dei ka District United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills, ka Lushai Hills (Mizoram), ka Naga Hills (Nagaland), ka Garo Hills, ka Mikir Hills & N C Hills, bad ïa kane aiñ la tip kum ka 6th Schedule. Mynta ki District kiba hap ha ka 6th Schedule ki don ha ka jylla Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram bad Tripura. Ka Nagaland kam dei shuh hapoh ka 6th Schedule, ka don la ka jong ka aiñ, tangba ka dei ïasyriem ïa ki kyndon ka 6th Schedule.
Ki thaiñ 5th Schedule ki don hapoh ki jylla ki bym dei ki jylla ri-lum, ki 5th Schedule areas ki dei kum ki District ne Sub-Division ri-lum hapoh ki jylla, kum ha Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand bad kiwei kiwei. Ki 5th Schedule areas ki don ha ki 10 tylli ki jylla.
Kaei ka jingïapher hapdeng ka 5th Schedule bad ka 6th Schedule ?.
A.Ha ka 5th Schedule, watla ki thaiñ / District ri-lum ki don hapoh ka jylla /State Govt, ïa ka synshar khadar (administration) la ai bor kyrpang da ka Constitution ha u Governor (Lat) ban thaw ïa ki aiñ ban synshar ïa ki thaiñ ri-lum, ban pynneh pynsah ïa ka riti ka dustur bad ka khyndew ka shyiap ki trai ri-lum ka thaiñ. Da don ka Tribal Advisory Council (TAC), ka synjuk ki nongmihkhmat ki riewlum, ban ïarap bad ai jingmut ïa u Governor ha ka synshar khadar ïa ki thaiñ ri-lum.
Ha ka mat 5 (2) (a) ka 5th Schedule la ai bor kyrpang ïa u Governor ban thaw aiñ, ka ban nym shah thala ïa ka jingdie khyndew sha kiwei pat ki riewlum / tribe ki bym dei ki traishnong ka District.Ym shym la tehlakam tang ïa ki non-tribal /dkhar hynrei la pyrkhing ruh ïa kiwei pat ki riewlum / tribal kiba nabar ban wan thiedkhyndew lait ïa ki trairi ka thaiñ / District. Khnang ban kin lah ban pynneh pynsah ïa la ka riti ka dustur bad ka khyndew ka shyiap ha la ka thaiñ / District.
Ka aiñ ka long kaba pyrkhing bha ha ki thaiñ 5th Schedule, ba wat ïa ki Co-Operative Society ruh ym lah ban ai ne die khyndew, lait noh ïa ki Co-Operative Society kiba la seng tang da ki dkhot riewlum trai ri.ïa kane ka aiñ la pynskhem shuh shuh da ka Supreme Court ha ka jingrai kaba ha 11.07.1997 ha ka Case Samatha vs State of Andhra Pradesh.
B.Ha ka 6th Schedule pat, la ai ka bor (empowerment/autonomy) ha ki trai ri ka ri-lum district ban synshar da lade hi (self-government), lyngba ka District Council; ha kaba ïa ki dkhot dei ban jied tang ïa ki trai ri, namar u nongwei la u dei u dkhar ne u riewlum u ba nabar ka District um lah ban shemphang ïa ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur ki trairi riewlum / native ka District.
ïa ki aiñ kiba ïadei ban pynneh pynsah ïa ka riti ka dustur bad ka khyndew ka shyiap la thaw da ka District Council bad phah sha u Governor (Lat) ban mynjur (Approve) ban pynlong aiñ.
Kaba mut pat ba ha ka 6th Schedule, haba la ai bor ha ki trairi / native ban ïadada lade hi, la kin pynduh ïa la ka riti ka dustur ne kin ïa die duh la ka khyndew ka shyiap sha ki nongwei, ka shong ha ka mon jong ki. Katba ha ki 5th Schedule area pat, u Governor u pyrkhing ïa kata.
Haba la aiti ïa ka bor ha ki trairi/native,bad ban ïada ïa lade; ki Lushai ha Mizoram bad ki Naga ha Nagaland ki la pynbeit ïa la ki aiñ khyndewshyiap na ka bynta ban tehlakam ïa ki nongwei kiba nabar ka District, la ïa ki tribal / riewlum ne ki non-tribal / dkhar ban thied khyndew khlem ka aiñ.
Ha Mizoram, ha ka aiñ khyndew, ka (Transfer of Land) Act 1963 kaba la pynskhem shuhshuh ha ka Mizoram (Land Revenue)Act, 2013; ha ka Section 98 (2) ka aiñ kaong, ba ki trai rilum Lushai kim lah ban die khyndew sha ki non-tribal/dkhar lane sha ki non-domicile tribes. Ki non-domicile tribes, ka mut ïa ki riewlum kiba nabar ka District Mizoram, mynta ka jylla Mizoram. Ki non-domicile tribes, katkum kata ka aiñ, ki dei ki riewlum kiba wan sha Lushai Hills /Mizoram hadien ka 26th Jan 1950, ka tarik ha kaba ïa ka 6th Schedule la pyntrei kam.Hangne, ka mut ïa u Khasi-Pnar, u Naga, u Mikir ne Garo lane kino kino ki riewlum lada ki leit sha Mizoram hadien ka 26th Jan 1950 (wat la ki don ha ka list ki Schedule Tribe ka jylla Mizoram) kin ym lah ban thied khyndew. Ym dei tang katta, ïa ki Co-Opperative Society ruh ym lah ban die ne ai khyndew.
Ha Nagaland, ha ka jingïalang ka Nagaland Cabinet ha ka 16th Feb 1967, la rai ba ym lah ban die lane ban lease/ai wai ïa ki khyndew sha ki non-local ne ki non-Naga, Kaba mut lait na ki trai shnong Naga, ïa kino kino ki nongwei ki bym dei ki Naga ym lah ban die khlem da ïohbor na ka aiñ.
Kaei ka aiñ ban ïada ïa ki khyndew ki riewlum ha ri thor Assam?
Hadien ba la rai ban ban pynrung ïa ka 6th Schedule ha ka Constitution, ka aiñ kaban ai jingïada ïa ki riewlum ki District ri-lum/Hill Districts, u Myntri Rangbah ka jylla Assam, u Gopinath Bordoloi, ha kato ka por u la pyrkhat ïa la ki riewlum ka rithor Assam, kiba khlem don kata ka jingïada na ka Riti Synshar (Constitutional Protection). Mar kumta hi, ka sorkar jylla Assam, ha November 1947 kala pynrung ki aiñ thymmai (Amendment) ha ka Assam Land Regulation 1886 na ka bynta ban ïada ïa ka khyndew ki riewlum rithor ka Assam. ïa kane ka aiñ Khyndew ka Assam Land Regulation 1886 la pyntrei kam ruh ha ka District United Khasi-Jaiñtia, ha Nagaland bad ha Lushai Hills District naduh ka 29th March 1929.
Kata ka aiñ thymmai (Amendment) kaba ka sorkar jylla Assam ka la pynrung thymmai, ka dei ha ka Chapter X ha u Nov. 1947 bad ha u July 1964. Kata aiñ, ha ka Section 162(2) ka ong, “uno uno u briew um lah ban thied ne buh ai khyndew ha ki thaiñri-lum (tribal belts) pyrshah ïa ka aiñ”. Sa ha ka Section 164 (2) (a) & (b) la ong ba ym lah ban ai ne die khyndew ïa u bym dei u trai-ri riewlum kata ka thaiñ bad ïa u bym dei ruh u traishnong kata ka thaiñri-lum.Ban pynshisha ïa ka jingpyrkhing ka jingïada ïa ki khyndew ki riewlum ka rithor ha Assam, la shim nuksa na ka mukot duma ka Guwahati High Court ha ka case WA 92/2008 bad ka jingrai ha ka 06.01.2018. Ha kane ka mukotduma, uwei u briew u thied khyndew ha ka shnong Karchia, Panbari Mouza ha Kamrup District kaba dei ha ki thaiñ ki riewlum (tribal belt). Ka High Court ha ka jingrai, ka hukum ba, uta u nongthied “um dei u traishnong ka thaiñ ka riewlum”(not a resident of tribal belt), namar kata, ka jing-thied khyndew ka la long be-aiñ bad la pynphai noh ïa kata ka khyndew sha u traik hyndew trairi. Ka ïingbishar kala pynrem ïa u nongthied, ym shym la ong ba u dei u non-tribal, hynrei ka ong, ba um dei u traishnong / non-resident ka tribal belt. Kane ka long kaba shai, ba khlem da ioh jingbit, ïa u nongwei, la ïa u tribal ne non-tribal la mana ban die khyndew ha ki thaiñri-lum / tribal belt lait tang ïa ki trairi riewlum ka tribal belt. Kane ka pyniba wat ha rithor Assam, ka aiñ khyndew ha ki thaiñri-lum/tribal belt, ka long kaba pyrkhing bad wat ïa ki riewlum ki bym dei ki trairi ka tribal belt la mana ban thied khyndew.
Kumno pat ka jingpynïaid ïa ki khyndew ki shyiap ha Khasi-Jaiñtia District:-
Ngi iohi ba ha baroh ki thaiñri-lumla mana wat ïa ki riewlum kiba dei na kawei pat ka District/jylla/thaiñ ban wan thied khyndew. Dei tang ha ri Khasi-Jaiñtia ba la ai laitlan ïa ki Naga, ki Lushai, ki Garo, ki Kuki bad kiwei kiwei kiba nabar ka District ban wan thied khyndew bad buhaishnong, wat ïa kiba dang wan shen ha kine ki snem bala dep ruh. Ki nongïalam ki ong ba kine ki jaidbynriewri-lum ne tribe ki dei kiba don ha ka list ka Constitution (Schedule Tribe) Order 1950 kaba na ka bynta ki Tribe ka jylla Meghalaya. Hynrei katkum ka aiñ bad kyndon, ka Constitution (ST) Order 1950, ïa ki riewlum kiba nabar ka District/thaiñ lah ban ñiew ïa ki kum ki trairi, tang lada ki la shong la sah ha ka District/thain shwa ka 26th Jan 1950, ka sngi kaba la pyntrei kam ïa ka 6th Schedule bad ka Constitution ka ri India. Ym lah ban ñiewkum ki trairi ïa kito kiba wan hadien kata, kumba la leh ha Mizoram, ha Nagaland bad ha rithor Assam bad ha ki thaiñ 5th Schedule. Kaba mut ïa ki Naga, ki Lushai, ki Garo ne ki Kuki kiba wan hadien ka 26th Jan 1950 ( wat la ka jaidbynriew jong ki ka don ha ka list), ïa kita ym lah ban ñiew ïa ki kum ki trairi / Native ka District bad ym lah ban shah ïa ki ban thied khyndew.
Ka jingpynïasnoh ïa ka United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills bad ka Garo Hills District:-
Ka jingpynïasnoh ïa kine ki ar District ban thaw jylla Meghalaya, kam mut ban pynduhnoh ïa ki kyndon ba la buh ha ka 6th Schedule, ka dei tang ban suk haka synshar khadar ka sorkar jylla, bad ki ADC kin trei kam kumjuh khlem jingpynwit katkum ka aiñ ka 6th Schedule.Ka dei ban long kum ha ki por ba dang hapoh ka sorkar Assam (undivided Assam), ha kito ki por, ka sorkar jylla kam ju mushlia ïa ka synshar khadar kiba hap hapoh ka District Council kiba ïadei bad ki aiñ khyndewshyiap, ka riti ka dustur bad kiwei kiwei.
Haba la ioh ïa ka jylla Meghalaya, ka dei ban long kumjuh kumba ka long ha ki por ba dang don hapoh ka jylla Assam, ba u Khasi-Pnar u dei ban pynneh pynsah ïa la ka riti ka dustur bad la ka khyndew ka shyiap ha la ka jong ka District bad tang ïala ki trairi / native, kumjuh ruh ïa ki Garo ha la ka District Garo Hills. Ym dei ban ïa khleh, ïa buh ai khyndew, buhai shnong laitlan, ioh kan jahnoh la ka niam, ka riti ka dustur bad la ka hok halor ka khyndew ka shyiap ha la ri kumba la buh da ki longshwa bad kaba la ai jingïada kyrpang da ka aiñ ka 6th Schedule.
Haba wan biang sha ka jingpynbeit (Amendment) ïa ka Rule 8(a) ka Assam and Meghalaya Autonomous Districts (Constitution of District Councils) Rules, 1951, na ka bynta ban buh kyndon ïa kum kino ki jaidbyriew kiba lah ban shim bynta ha ka Election ban jied MDC sha ka KHAD & JHAD.
Ha ka Para 2 (6) ka 6th Schedule, la ong ba u Governor (Lat), ha kaba sdang nyng-kong ban thaw ïa ki District Council, un thaw ki rule / aiñ da kaba wad jingmut bad jingshai na ki nongsynshar bad nongmihkhmat ki seng riewlum/tribal ka Autonomous District; ym shym la ong ba u Governor un wad jingmut na ki nongsynshar bad ki nongmihkhmat ki seng riewlum ka jylla. Ym dei ban sngewthuh bakla ïa kata, namar, ba ha ka 6th Schedule la bynta ïa ki District kat kum ki jaidbynriew riewlum. Kaba shai ka long, ba, haba u Governor u khot ïa ki nongmihkhmat ki riewlum, ka mut ban khot tang ïa ki Khasi-Pnar, ki jaidbynriew ka District bad kam don aiñ ban khot lang ïa ki Garo. Namar ki Garo, wat la ïa ki nonïalam ka sorkar jylla, kim don hok ban wan mushlia ïa kaba dei ka hok u Khasi-Pnar kat kum ka 6th Schedule.Nangta, ïano ba lah ban jied MDC ? Kat kumba la pyni haneng, kum ha kiwei kiwei ki thaiñri-lum, dei ban jied tang hapdeng ki candidate kiba dei ki traishnong/native ka United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills District, kata tang ïa ki Khasi-Pnar. Namar, nalorba ka 6th Schedule ka la ai ïa ka bor ha ki trairi riewlum ka District ban pynneh ïa la ka hok, u nongwei um shemphang ïa ka niam ka rukom, ka riti ka dustur ki trairi, namar kata um dei ban ïa shim bynta ha ka synshar khadar ka District Council ki trairi.
Tangba ka shongpat ha ki nongïalam / nongmihkhmat Khasi-Pnar la ki iohi ïa kane ka jingshisha ne ïoh kim nud pynban ban pyndonkam ïa ka bor ba la ai ka 6th Schedule, kumba la leh ha Nagaland, ha Mizoram bad ha ki thaiñ 5th Schedule area bad ha ki ri-lum ka rithor Assam kiba, watla synshar da ki sorkar non-tribal hynrei ki pyrkhing ïa ka aiñ ban ïada ïa ka hok ki riewlum.
