Bhogtoram Mawroh
Nga sngewlyngngoh khyndiat halor ka projek ‘Tracing the Roots’ (Ka Wad Bniah ïa Ka Tynrai) jong ka Sorkar Meghalaya, kaba kam ba kumba 75 ngut ki stad wad bniah kin leit sha ki ri Vietnam, Cambodia bad Tibet ban wad bniah ïa ka tynrai bad ka jingïaid lynti jong ki jaitbynriew Khasi bad Garo. Hynrei, nga sngewlyngngoh ïa kane ka thong kaba kyrpang bad ïa katto katne kiwei pat ki jingtip kiba la pynmih ha ka website jong ka Sorkar shaphang kane ka projek.
Nga kwah ban pynpaw shai ba ngam pat don ïa ka jingtip kaba bniah shaphang ki jingwad bniah kiba la dep ban leh halor ki jaitbynriew Garo. Hynrei, ngi tip ba ha ka liang ka ktien, ka ktien Garo ka hap hapoh ka kynhun ktien Boro-Garo, kaba long kawei na ki tnat rit jong ka longïing jait ktien Tibeto-Burman, kaba dei shi bynta jong ka kynhun ktien Sino-Tibetan kaba kham heh. La ñiew ïa ki Garo kum kawei na ki jaitbynriew barim tam kiba la wan shong shnong ha ki thaiñ Shatei Lam Mihngi jong ka India, hadien ki Khasi. Dang shen, ki nongwad bniah na ka skulbah jong ka jylla Nagaland ki la lap ïa ki sakhi-sabut kiba pyni ba ki briew ki la shong la sah ha ki krem bad ki jaka rieh hapoh ki maw ha ka thaiñ Naga, ha ka distrik Noklak. Kawei na ki sakhi-sabut kaba pyni ba ki kynhun briew kiba la shong la sah ha kine ki krem ki don jingïadei bad ka longïing jait ktien Sino-Tibetan ka long ka jinglap ïa u krai soh, uba dei uwei na ki jait jingthung ba la sdang ban pynsan nyngkong da ki kynhun briew ha ka them jong ka wah Yellow ha China. Kata ka jaka ka dei ka tynrai jong ki kynhun Sino-Tibetan, kynthup ïa ki Garo. La antad ba kine ki krem bad ki jaka rieh hapoh ki maw ki la don kumba 3,500 snem mynshwa. Hynrei, lait noh na kine, ngam don shuh shibun ki jingtip shaphang ki kynhun jaitbynriew Sino-Tibetan ha Shatei Lam Mihngi jong ka ri India. Ki katto katne ki jingtip kiba nga la ïoh ki pyni ba dang don shibun ki bynta halor ki Garo kiba donkam ban wad bniah shuh shuh.
Ha kaba ïadei bad ki Khasi pat, la don lypa shibun ki jingtip ha kaba bun ki kot bad ki jingthoh wad bniah kiba la shah bishar bad pdiang da ki riewstad ki la dep ban pynmih halor ka histori jong ka ktien, ka tynrai jong ka jaitbynriew, ki jingstad tynrai bad ki jaka sah jong ki briew hyndai. Ka jingbatai lyngkot shaphang kine ka long kumne. Ki Khasi ki hap hapoh ka kynhun ktien Mon-Khmer, kaba long shi bynta jong ka longïing jait ktien Austroasiatic kaba kham heh, bad kaba la ngeit ba ka la sdang na ka them jong ka wah Yangtze. Dei ha katei ka jaka ba ki briew ki la sdang ban pynsan ïa u khaw kumba 8,000 snem mynshwa. Hadien kata, ki la sdang ban kynriah jaka bad buhai shnong, bad la ngeit ba ki kynhun briew kiba kren ïa ki ktien Austroasiatic ki la poi sha Laos kumba 6,000 snem mynshwa. Kawei na kine ki kynhun ka la bteng ban ïaid shaphang sepngi bad ka la poi sha Meghalaya kumba 5,000 snem mynshwa, bad ïa kane la pynshisha da ki nongmuna kiba la shim na ki jaitbynriew Khasi hi.
Ha u snem 2024 kawei ka jingwad bniah halor ka jinglong tynrai kaba la ïashim bynta da ki khyndai tylli ki jaka pule hapoh ka jingïalam lang jong u Dr. Kumarasamy Thangaraj na CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, bad u Professor Gyaneshwer Chaubey na Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, ka la pynskhem ruh ba ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ki ktien Austroasiatic ki la poi sha ki bynta jong ki dewlynnong Andaman bad Nicobar ha kajuh ka por. Kito kiba la wan poi sha Meghalaya ki la bteng ban ïaid sha ki them jong ka ri India, bad mynta la ithuh ïa ki kum ki kynhun briew kiba kren ïa ki ktien Munda. Ki longshwa manshwa jong kine ki kynhun ki la wanrah ïa u khaw uba la dep ban pynsan pura sha ka them jong ka wah Ganges.
Ka por ba ki kynhun jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ki ktien Austroasiatic ki la poi sha kine ki thaiñ ka la ïoh jingkyrshan ruh na ki jingwad bniah ha ka liang ka jingtei bad ki tiar barim jong ki longshwa manshwa, bad ha ka liang ka ktien. Ha kane ka bynta, ka jingtrei jong u Marco Mitri, u Professor jong ka subjek History ha ka skulbah North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), halor ki jaka sah jong ki briew ha ka juk jong ka Neolithic kiba la lap ka long kaba kyrpang shisha. Ki jingwad bniah ba la pynlong ha ki sawdong jong u Lum Sohpetbneng bad Myrkhan ki la pynpaw ïa ki jaka sah jong ki briew hyndai kiba la antad ba ki la don naduh kumba 3,200 snem bad 3,800 snem mynshwa. La pynmih ïa kine ki jinglap ha kawei ka kot wad bniah kaba la shah bishar bniah bad pdiang da ki riewshemphang kiba khmih ïa kane ka bynta. Kine ki tarik ki long jan kumjuh bad ka por ba la ngeit ba ki kynhun jaitbynbriew Austroasiatic ki la poi sha ki them jong ka wah Ganges. Dang shen, u Marco Mitri u la ïasam ïa ki tarik thymmai halor ka jaka Myrkhan, kiba pyni ba katei ka jaka ka lah ban long kaba la don naduh kumba 4,200 snem mynshwa. U la pyntip ruh ha nga ba u thmu ban tih bniah sa ïa kawei pat ka jaka, kaba u ngeit ba ka lah ban kham rim da kumba 500-600 snem. Kane kan pynjan ïa ka por jong katei ka jaka sha kumba 5,000 snem mynshwa. Ka jingwad bniah ha ka liang ka ktien ka la ai dak lypa ba ka jingïakhlad hapdeng ka ktien War Amwi, kaba la ñiew kum kawei na ki ktien Khasi kaba rim tam, bad ka ktien Palaung, kaba dei ka ktien kaba jan tam bad ka Khasi bad kaba la kren mynta ha ki bynta shatei jong ka ri Myanmar, ka lah ban long kaba la jia kumba 4,000 snem mynshwa. Kumta, haba ïanujor bad ki Garo, ngi lah ban ong ba ngi la don lypa ïa ka jingtip kaba biang shaphang ka tynrai bad ki lynti kynriah jaka jong ki Khasi.
Namarkata, ngam sngewthuh shai ïa ka thong jong kane ka projek, khamtam eh ïa ka jingthmu ban leit jngoh ïa ki ri Vietnam, Cambodia bad Tibet. Kum ka nuksa, ha kaba ïadei bad ki Garo, hato ki nongwad bniah kin leit jngoh ïa ki jaka ba don ki jingtei barim kiba ïadei bad ki kynhun briew Tibeto-Burman, bad ban ïakren halor ki jinglap jong ki stad saïan na China? Hynrei, la don lypa shibun ki jingtip shaphang ki briew ha Tibet, bad ki jingtip ha ka liang ki jingtei barim, ka ktien bad ka tynrai jong ki jaitbynriew Sino-Tibetan. La pynmih ïa kine ki jingtip ha ki kot bad ki jing-thoh wad bniah kiba la shah bishar bad pdiang da ki stad bad ki riewshemphang. Bun na kine ki jingthoh lah ban ïoh lyngba ki jaka buh kot bad jingtip ha ka kor internet. Ki jingïakren bad ki stad wad bniah jong ka China ruh lah ban pynlong lyngba ki kor ka juk stad mynta kum ka Zoom, kaba long ka lad kaba kham suk bad kaba pynduna ïa ka jinglut jingsep. Ha ka jingshisha, ka rukom pynwandur ïa ka jingwad bniah kaba la pyni ha ka website jong ka Sorkar kaba ïadei bad kane ka projek ka pyni ba ka bynta jong ka jingïatreilang bad ki ri shabar ka long ban tei ïa ka jingïadei bad ki kynhun bapher bapher. Hato ngi donkam shisha haduh 100 ngut ki briew-75 ngut ki stad wad bniah, ki ophisar IAS kiba synran ïa ki, bad katto katne kiwei pat ki ophisar Sorkar ban leit sha Tibet, Vietnam bad Cambodia tang na ka bynta ban tei ïa ka jingïatreilang? Ka jingleit jngoh jong u Myntri Rangbah, uba ïalam ïa kane ka projek, ryngkat bad ki nongïalam ïa ka jingwad bniah bad lehse sa ar ngut ne katto katne ngut kiwei pat ki nongwad bniah kiba la san, kan long kaba biang pura na ka bynta kane ka kam.
Kawei pat ka bynta kaba pynlyngngoh shisha ka long ba ym don satia ka jingtip halor ki nongwad bniah kiba ïashim bynta ha kane ka projek, lane ki kot jingtip shaphang ka kyrdan bad ka jingïaid lynti jong ki ha kane ka kam. Kumta, ngim lah ban ïoh ïa ki jingthoh wad bniah kiba la thoh da kine ki nongthoh halor ki tynrai jong ki Khasi bad Garo, khnang ba ngin sngewthuh ïa ka jingtip bathymmai kaba ki thmu ban lap lyngba kane ka projek. Nga tharai ba ki dei ban don la kumno kumno katto katne ki jingthoh wad bniah kiba la pynmih ha ki thup sah kynmaw kiba la shah bishar bad pdiang da ki riewstad halor kane ka phang. Ha kaba kut, kane ka jingwad bniah hi ka dei ban pynmih ïa ki jingthoh ha ki kot kiba pawnam bad kiba la shah bishar bad pdiang da ki riewstad halor kane ka bynta. Hynrei, lada kito kiba ïashim bynta kim pat ju pynmih satia ïa ki jingthoh ha ka thup sah kynmaw ne ki kot kiba kum kine halor kane ka phang, ka long kaba eh ban mutdur kumno kin lah ban leh ïa kata tang hapoh 18 haduh 24 bnai. Wat hadien ba u nongwad bniah u la dep thoh ïa kawei ka jingthoh wad bniah, ka ju shim por shi snem ne kham palat ïa kata ban bishar bad pdiang ïa ka ha ka thup sah kynmaw kaba pawnam. Bun ki jingthoh, ha ka jingshisha, ki shah kyntait bunsien lane ki hap ban pynbeit bunsien shuwa ban shah pdiang.
Ki nongwad bniah na ka Jylla hi ki dei ruh ban long ki nongthoh ba hakhmat ha ka jingwad bniah, ym ban shu long ki nongthoh kiba wan ha ka kyrdan kaba 20 ne 30 ha ka thup kyrteng jong ki nongthoh. Lym kumta, kane kan wanrah ïa ka jingartatien halor ka bynta ba ki la noh synñiang ha ka jingwad bniah, bad hato la kane ka projek ka pynlut hok ïa ka pisa kumba la mang bad la pynpoi ïa ka sha ki nongwad bniah bad ki jaka wad bniah kiba don shabar jong ka Jylla ne em. Lada ka long kumta, donkam ïa ka jingpynshai kaba kham bniah. Bad kaei ka ban jia lada ym lah ban pynmih satia ïa ki jingthoh wad bniah kiba la shah bishar bad pdiang da ki riewstad hapoh kine ki ar snem ban wan ? Ha kaba kut, ka jingmih na kane ka projek kam dei ban long tang kawei ka kot ba la lum lang da ki nongthoh bapher bapher bad kaba la pynmih da ki nongpynmih kot ki bum pat da paw ha Delhi. Kaba kham sniew shuh shuh, nga kyrmen ba ki jingpynmih na kane ka projek kin ym kut tang ha kawei ka coffee table book ka ban pynmih da ka Sorkar Meghalaya.
Kaba kongsan tam ka long ba, shuwa ban sdang ïa kane ka projek, ki nongwad bniah kiba ïalam ïa ka ki dei ban pynmih lypa ïa ki jingthoh bishar bniah halor ki jingthoh bad ki jingtip kiba la don lypa shaphang ki jaitbynriew kiba kren ïa ki ktien Tibeto-Burman bad Mon-Khmer ha ki bynta Shatei Lam Mihngi jong ka ri India. Kine ki jingthoh ki dei ban mih ha ki kot wad bniah kiba la shah bishar bad pdiang da ki riewstad kiba khmih ïa kane ka bynta. Ki dei ruh ban pyni ïa ki jingkylli kiba dang sah khlem jubab bad kiba dang donkam ban wad bniah shuh shuh. Dei halor kane ka nongrim jong ka jingbishar bniah ïa ki jingtip kiba la don lypa ba la dei ban pynshong nongrim ïa ka jingdonkam jong kane ka projek. Hynrei, katkum ka jingtip jong nga, ngam shym la lap ïa kano kano ka jingthoh wad bniah kaba kum kata, kaba la thoh da ki nongwad bniah kiba ïalam ïa kane ka projek. Namarkata, ka long kaba eh ïa nga ban sngewthuh ïa ki jingkylli ha ka liang ka jingwad bniah kiba kane ka jingwad bniah bathymmai kan pyrshang ban jubab hapoh kine ki ar snem tam.
Ha ka projek, la kdew ba kane ka bynta ka dei ka kyrdan kaba nyngkong hapoh ka jingwad bniah ïa ka histori. Hynrei, ha kano kano ka jingwad bniah, nyngkong eh la thoh ïa ka jingtyrwa ban wad bniah, nangta la bishar bad pdiang ïa ka, bad hadien kata sa sdang ïa ka jingwad bniah. Hangne pat, la dep ai jingmynjur ïa ka projek bad mang ïa ka pisa na ka bynta jong ka, hynrei ngim tip ïa ki jingtip kiba bniah jong ka jingtyrwa ha ka wad bniah, kaba dei ban pynshai ïa ki jingkylli ba kyrpang ha ka liang ki buit jingstad kiba kane ka jingwad bniah kan wad ban jubab. Ym don satia kum kata ka kot ne ka jingthoh kaba la pyni ha ka snur jingtip jong ka projek. Lada ka thong jong kane ka projek ka long ban pynwandur ïa ka tynrai bad ka jingïaid lynti jong ka histori jong ka jingwan jong ki Garo bad khamtam eh ki Khasi, te la dep leh ïa kata. Namarkata, nga dang sngewlyngngoh bad ngam sngewthuh ïa ka jingtip bathymmai kaba ki thmu ban pynmih lyngba kane ka projek.
Khatduh eh, don ruh ki jingbakla ha ki jingtip kiba la pynmih ha ka snur jingtip. Ka Mon-Khmer ka dei ka tnat jong ka kynhun ktien Austroasiatic kaba kham heh, bad kam dei ka kynhun ktien kaba laitluid na ka Austroasiatic. Don ruh ka jingkdew ïa ki Khasi bad Jaiñtia kum ar tylli ki kynhun bapher, bad la pynïasoh ïa ki bad ki thaiñ bapher, kata, Cambodia bad Laos. Hynrei, ki jingwad bniah ha ka liang ka ktien, ka jinglong tynrai, ka histori bad ki jingtei barim kim shym la pynïapher ïa ki ha kum kane ka rukom. Ka jingïadei bad ka Laos ka paw ba ka wan na ki jingwad bniah kiba la shah bishar bad pdiang da ki riewstad halor ka jinglong tynrai bad ki lynti kynriah jaka jong ki kynhun briew Austroasiatic. Kine ki jingwad bniah ki kdew ïa ki Khasi, ym ïa ki Jaiñtia lane Synteng / Pnar, kiba long shi bynta jong ka jingithuh ba kyllum ïa ka jaitbynriew Khasi.
Nga sngewtynnad shisha ïa kane ka projek. Hynrei, haba pyrkhat ïa ka jinglut kaba heh haduh Rs.20 klur, ngi dei ban pynthikna ba ka don ïa ka thong wad bniah kaba shai, ïa ki riewshemphang bad ki nongwad bniah kiba don ïa ka jingstad bad ka jingtbit kaba donkam ban pyndep ïa ka kam, bad ïa ka rukom treikam kaba lah ban pynmih ïa ka jingtip bathymmai kaba lah ban shañiah. Ngi dei kawei na ki Jylla kaba duk, ha kaba ki khunlung ki dang ïap namar ka jingbym biang ka lad ban ïoh ïa ki jingsumar ha ki jaka sumar, bad ki nonghikai ki dang ïakhih na ka bynta ban ïoh ïa ka tulop kaba kham biang bad ki rukom treikam kiba bha. Ngim lah ban shah ne ban shu sngap ba ka pisa paidbah kan sepei ha kawei ka prokram kaba long tang kum ka jingpyni paidbah, kaba pynmih ïa ki khubor ha ki lad pathai khubor hynrei kaba ym ai ïa ka jingmyntoi kaba neh slem ïa ki paidbah jong ka Meghalaya, lane kaba ym noh synñiang eiei wat tang khyndiat sha ki jingïakren bad ki jingwad bniah kiba kham heh ha ka pyrthei halor ki jaitbynriew Tibeto-Burman bad Austroasiatic.
(Ki jingmut kiba la pynpaw ha kane ka artikel ki dei tang ki jingmut shimet jong u nongthoh, bad kim pynpaw satia ïa ka nongrim ne ka jingmut jong kano kano ka seng, ka jaka treikam lane ka jaka pule kaba u don jingïadei bad ka.)
